Immune response modifiers in the treatment of asthma: A PRACTALL document of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  Mark Ballow, MD, Cezmi A. Akdis, MD, Thomas B. Casale, MD, Andrew J. Wardlaw, MD, Sally E. Wenzel, MD, Zuhair Ballas, MD, Jan Lötvall, MD  Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  Volume 130, Issue 2, Pages 311-324 (August 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.04.046 Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 The transition of mAbs from all murine protein to chimeric and humanized mAbs in which part of the antigen-binding region is of the mouse (orange areas in the variable regions of the heavy and light chains) to a fully human mAb. ADCC, Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Reproduced with permission from Beck et al.128 Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2012 130, 311-324DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2012.04.046) Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Strategies to improve the function of mAbs based on structure-function relationships. Adapted from Beck et al.128 Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2012 130, 311-324DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2012.04.046) Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Examples of a bispecific antibody that binds to 2 different epitopes. These epitopes can be to the same antigen or pathogen or to 2 different targets (eg, on 2 different cells to trigger a specific function). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2012 130, 311-324DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2012.04.046) Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions