“Turbulence in low-β reconnection” by Ferraro & Rogers 2004, Physics of Plasmas, 11, 43827-4389 (DOI: 10.1063/1.1776565) S.Tanuma

Abstract 2D 2fluid simulations with finite electron inertia Turbulence occurs when β is small by secondary instability, which are excited by large gradients in guide-field (see Mathaeous for turbulent reconnection). This turbulence does not affect the reconnection rate (altough the group of Cho, Lazarian, & Vishinac conclude reconnection rate is enhanced by turbulence.).

Model Collisionless, 2D 2-fluid model X-y plane Bx=Bxo tanh***: bipolar current Bz=3Bxo 512 x 256 grid Mass ratio Mi/Me=100

Stabilizing factors Large guide field (Bz>10Bxo) Higher temperature (β>0.2) The omission of ion dynamics

Simulations Kelvin-helmholtz instability (see Arzner & Scholer for hybrid simulation of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability coupled with fire hose instability)

Central Region

Growth rate Reconnection rate does not depend on the turbulence.