A simple model of the atom.

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Presentation transcript:

A simple model of the atom. Chemical Ideas 2.1. A simple model of the atom.

What’s inside? In the nucleus? Protons And around the nucleus? Neutrons Electrons

Location How are they different? Mass Charge

Mass on Ar scale Charge p 1 +1 n e- 0.00055 -1

Na Nuclear symbols p + n p ( = e-) 11 p? 12 e-? n? 23 11 Mass number =? Na 23 11 p ( = e-) 11 12 Atomic number =? p? e-? n?

Cl Cl What are isotopes? p? p? e-? e-? n? n? 17 17 17 17 18 20 35 37 e-? e-? 17 17 18 20 n? n? Atoms of the same element with: The same atomic number but different mass numbers Same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Why is 35Cl O.K.? Cl Cl Cl-37 Cl-35 Relative isotopic mass Chlorine always has an atomic number of 17! Relative isotopic mass Cl Cl 37 35 17 17 Cl-37 Cl-35

So what is relative atomic mass? Cl-35 75% 25% Cl-37

Relative atomic mass is the average of the relative isotopic masses Cl-35 75% Cl-37 25% How do we get a relative atomic mass of 35.5?

Relative isotopic masses. The relative abundances. What 2 things did we need to know? Relative isotopic masses. The relative abundances.

Use a mass spectrometer How do we find them out? Use a mass spectrometer

Mass spectrometry

Mg+ Mg e- e-

Cl-35 Cl-37

A mass spectrum … 100 80 60 % 40 20 mass 35 36 37

A mass spectrum … Try W and Y! 100 80 60 % 40 20 mass 24 25 26