Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 51 Vocabulary List 51 Ablative Absolute Genitive & Ablative of Comparison

Vocabulary List 51

conference, conversation colloquium, colloquī, n. conference, conversation

initium, initī, n. beginning

the Rhine (est flūmen in Germaniā) Rhēnus, Rhēnī, m. the Rhine (est flūmen in Germaniā)

tūtus, tūta, tūtum safe

quīdam, quaedam, quoddam (quiddam) a certain, one, certain, some (indefinite adjective & pronoun) [declines like quī, quae, quod + -dam, but -m changes to -n before -d (e.g. quamdam  quandam)]

rūrsus (adv.) again, back

aggredior, aggredī, aggressus sum to approach, attack (ad + -gredior, -gredī, -gressus sum)

congredior, congredī, congressus sum to meet, come together (cum + -gredior, -gredī, -gressus sum)

ēgredior, ēgredī, ēgressus sum to go out, disembark (ē/ex + -gredior, -gredī, -gressus sum)

prōgredior, prōgredī, prōgressus sum to advance, go forward (prō + -gredior, -gredī, -gressus sum)

sequor, sequī, secūtus sum to follow

cōnsequor, cōnsequī, cōnsecūtus sum to pursue, overtake; obtain, gain (cum + sequor, sequī, secūtus sum)

vereōr, verērī, veritus sum to fear

Ablative Absolute

Ablative Absolute – Basics one of the most common constructions in Latin main constituents of the phrase are in the ablative case called absolute because it’s a phrase unto itself stands apart absolutely from the rest of the sentence generally provide some sort of background information about the main clause can contain things not in the abl. case as well (ind. statement, direct obj., prep. phrases, etc.)

Three Types of Abl. Abs. there are three types of ablative absolute: noun + noun noun + adjective noun + participle n.b.: with noun-noun & noun-adjective AAs, the pres. active participle form of sum, esse must be understood this is not expressed because it does not exist

Noun-Noun & Noun-Adj. Ablative Absolutes Literal Translation: with noun 1 being noun 2 E.g.: Caesare dūce. with Caesar being the leader Noun + Adjective: Literal Translation: with noun being adjective E.g.: Caesare clemente. with Caesar being lenient

Noun-Participle Ablative Absolutes Noun + PAP: with (the) noun verbing Caesare dūcente / with Caesar leading Noun + PPP: with (the) noun having been verbed Caesare dūctō / with Caesar having been led Noun + FAP: with (the) noun about to verb Caesare dūctūrō / with Caesar about to lead

Genitive & Ablative of Description

Genitive & Ablative of Description when modified by an adj., a noun in the gen. or abl. can be used to describe another noun this use can only be used if the gen. or abl. noun is being modified by an adj. the gen. and abl. of description are more or less interchangeable both can be translated with “of” [abl. can also be transl. “with”] e.g.: vir clarae virtūtis / clarā virtūte: a man of distinguished courage labor terribilis difficultātis / terribilī difficultāte: a task of terrible difficulty monstrum horribilis speciēī / horribilī speciē: a monster of horrible appearance