Case Study due FRIDAY Reindeer Island?.

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Presentation transcript:

Case Study due FRIDAY Reindeer Island?

Sustaining Biodiversity

Biodiversity Biodiversity: The number and variety of species in an ecosystem. variety of species = healthy ecosystem

Factors that Increase biodiversity • Diverse habitat • Nutrients, Rain, Temperature • Survival of the Fittest, genetic variation

Factors that Decrease biodiversity Environmental stress Limitation of nutrients or habitat Introduction of invasive species Geographic isolation

Endangered and Threatened Species: Endangered species - a species that is seriously at risk of extinction. Over 16,000 species are considered endangered

Endangered and Threatened Species: Threatened species - any species which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future. Figure 11-3

Global Extinction Result from human activities.

SPECIES EXTINCTION Some species are more prone because of what they do or where they live.

SPECIES EXTINCTION Figure 11-5

Habitat Loss Indian Tiger Range 100 years ago Range today Figure 11.8 Natural capital degradation: reductions in the ranges of four wildlife species, mostly as the result of habitat loss and hunting. What will happen to these and millions of other species when the world’s human population doubles and per capita resource consumption rises sharply in the next few decades? (Data from International Union for the Conservation of Nature and World Wildlife Fund) Range 100 years ago Range today (about 2,300 left) Fig. 11-8a, p. 230

Habitat Loss Black Rhino Range in 1700 Range today (about 3,600 left) Figure 11.8 Natural capital degradation: reductions in the ranges of four wildlife species, mostly as the result of habitat loss and hunting. What will happen to these and millions of other species when the world’s human population doubles and per capita resource consumption rises sharply in the next few decades? (Data from International Union for the Conservation of Nature and World Wildlife Fund) Range in 1700 Range today (about 3,600 left) Fig. 11-8b, p. 230

Habitat Loss African Elephant Probable range 1600 Range today Figure 11.8 Natural capital degradation: reductions in the ranges of four wildlife species, mostly as the result of habitat loss and hunting. What will happen to these and millions of other species when the world’s human population doubles and per capita resource consumption rises sharply in the next few decades? (Data from International Union for the Conservation of Nature and World Wildlife Fund) Probable range 1600 Range today Fig. 11-8c, p. 230

Habitat Loss Asian or Indian Elephant Former range Range today Figure 11.8 Natural capital degradation: reductions in the ranges of four wildlife species, mostly as the result of habitat loss and hunting. What will happen to these and millions of other species when the world’s human population doubles and per capita resource consumption rises sharply in the next few decades? (Data from International Union for the Conservation of Nature and World Wildlife Fund) Former range Range today (34,000–54,000 left) Fig. 11-8d, p. 230

Endangered or Extinct Species Using the Symbaloo sites, find 3 endangered species and 2 extinct species. On a PowerPoint, answer these questions for each one: Endangered Extinct Name How many are left The main cause of endangerment 2 pictures Name When did they go extinct (when were they last seen) The main cause of extinction 2 pictures

INVASIVE SPECIES An organism that is not native and has negative effects on our economy, our environment, or our health. Example: Kudzu vine was introduced in the southeastern U.S. to control erosion. Figure 11-A

INVASIVE SPECIES Some invasive species were introduced intentionally.

INVASIVE SPECIES But many invasive species have been introduced unintentionally.

INVASIVE SPECIES Example: Argentina fire ant was introduced to Mobile, Alabama in 1932 from South America. Most probably from ships. No natural predators. Figure 11-12

INVASIVE SPECIES Prevention is the best way to reduce threats from invasive species, because once they arrive it is almost impossible to slow their spread. Do not spread wild plants to other areas. Do not dump the contents of an aquarium into waterways, wetlands, or storm drains. When camping use wood near your campsite instead of bringing firewood from somewhere else.

Invasive Species in NC Using the Symbaloo sites, find 1 invasive species for North Carolina, and another additional invasive species. On a PowerPoint, answer these questions for each one: Additional Species: North Carolina: Name Where the species comes from Purpose of species Intentional or unintentional? 2 pictures Region the species is found in Name of invasive species Where the species comes from Habitat and Growth of speiecs 2 pictures Using the Symbaloo sites, find 2 ways to combat the spread of invasive species.

Invasive Species in NC http://nc-ipc.weebly.com/nc-invasive-plants.html

POPULATION GROWTH In the year 1800, there were fewer than 1 billion people on earth, and today there are over 7 billion. Increasing human populations have led to increasing threats to biodiversity.

POLLUTION The discharge of toxic synthetic chemicals and heavy metals into the environment has a huge impact on species abundance, and can lead to extinctions. It’s important to remember that substances that are “natural” can become pollution when they are too abundant in a certain area. Example: nitrogen and phosphorous leading to algae blooms and dead zones

OVEREXPLOITATION Some protected species are killed for their valuable parts Killing predators and pests Legal and illegal trade in wildlife species used as pets or for decorative purposes

NC Endangered Species Green Turtle Flying Squirrel Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Pitcher Plant Atlantic Sturgeon Red Wolf

Biodiversity Hotspots Biodiversity hotspots in relation to the largest concentrations of rare and potentially endangered species in the U.S.

Efforts to Help Endangered Species Act Sanctuaries Promoting Habitats Advocacy Purchases

Promoting Habitats Putting up bluebird boxes with holes too small for (nonnative) competitors in areas where trees have been cut down have helped reestablish populations.

Review Questions What are the 3 levels of biodiversity? What are factors to increase biodiversity? What can decrease biodiversity? What does HIPPO stand for? What are some ways to protect biodiversity?