ELECTRONS Negatively charged particle surrounding the nucleus

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Presentation transcript:

ELECTRONS Negatively charged particle surrounding the nucleus Electrons move quickly around the nucleus at a rate of billions of times each second. In a neutral atom the number of electrons equals the number of protons

Location of the electron Depends on how much energy the electron has Arranged in energy levels Lower energy levels are closer to the nucleus

Drawing Energy Levels Start with the lowest energy level Fill energy level completely before placing electrons in the next energy level

Energy levels 1st energy level can hold 2 electrons 2nd energy level can hold 8 electrons 3rd energy level can hold 18 electrons 4th energy level can hold 32 electrons

Energy Sublevels 1st energy level - S orbital 2 electrons 2nd energy level - S orbital 2 electrons P orbital 6 electrons • 3rd energy level - S orbital 2 electrons D orbital 10 electrons • 4th energy level - S orbital 2 electrons F orbital 14 electrons

Electron Shell Structure The Octet Rule: In general, atoms are most stable when they have 8 electrons in their outer-most shell. (Octet means 8.) The exception is the first shell which is most stable with TWO electrons. If you know the Atomic Number and Mass Number of an element and the maximum number of electrons in each electron shell you can draw a diagram of the element.

Order of Orbital Filling Electron configuration

Electrons and light When electrons absorb energy they move out to the next energy level When they lose energy they drop down a level and give off light

Colorado - univ of Bolder Cool site http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/index.pl

Isotopes Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons Round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number to find the number of neutrons in the most common form of the atom Mass numbers of isotopes differ because the number of neutrons is different