Questions 1. – 3. Biological definition of a species A group of populations whose members are capable of ____________and producing ________ and _______ offspring.

4. What is a zygote?

5. Allopatric or Sympatric Speciation? Sciurus aberti kaibabensis Sciurus aberti aberti

These 2 species of toads are similar and living in the same area but are (somewhat) reproductively isolated by different mating seasons. 6. Allopatric or Sympatric Speciation? 7. Pre-or post-zygotic??? What word is used when similar organisms are separated by time? American toad Bufo americanus Fowler’s toad (Bufo fowleri)

Sympatric Speciation These 2 species of meadowlarks look alike but do not sing the same song, but they are singing around the same time. 9. Pre- or Postzygotic? 10. Identify the reproductive isolating mechanism. Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna)

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) List three things you know about Aristotle and his method of classifying organisms.

Carol von Linné (1707 – 1778) “Father of Taxonomy” List 5 things you know about Linnaeus and his method for classifying organisms.

Taxa of Classification List all 8 taxa in order and then classify our own species. (We are in the family Hominidae)

                                               What Linnaean idea is NOT supported by the fossil record of equines?

15. What is the definition of homologous structures? WHALE BAT MAN CAT HORSE

16. Why is this an example of analogous structures?

17. List the 4 key characteristics for all chordates.

18. What taxonomic term is best illustrated here?

Cladogram placenta produce milk internal fertilization legs

An Example of Cladogram Construction for Vertebrates Outgroup (lobed-finned fish) Trait Turtle Kangaroo Mouse Human Dorsal Nerve Cord Yes Legs NO Nature of Egg Requires water Hard shell prevents drying Develops inside the mother Nature of development In egg Marsupial Placental Hair No reduced Presence of pouch Bipedal posture

1st Phylogenetic Tree

Bird Tree of Evolution