11.5 The War Hawks pp. 372-375

Objectives: Explain why President Madison stopped trade with Britain. Examine conflicts between Native Americans and settlers.

Review: 1. What is the name of the famous house that Thomas Jefferson designed for himself? 2. What did Jefferson refer to his election as and why? 3. In his Inaugural Address, Jefferson said “We are all _________________, we are all ______________.” 4. Define laissez-faire— 5. Who was Jefferson’s Secretary of Treasury? 6. What were John Adams’s last-minute judicial appointments known as? 7. In which case did the Supreme Court claim for the first time that a law passed by Congress was unconstitutional? 8. Define judicial review— 9. Define precedent—

Review: 10. Identify the Louisiana Territory— 11. Define cede— 12. To which European nation did Spain cede the Louisiana Territory in 1800? 13. Who was the French dictator during the early 1800s? 14. What city were American diplomats authorized to buy for $2-10 million? 15. Who led a successful slave rebellion in Saint Domingue? 16. What did the rebels rename Saint Domingue? 17. For what two reasons did Napoleon decide to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the U.S.? 18. For how much money did the U.S. purchase the Louisiana Territory? 19. How did the Louisiana Purchase affect the size of the United States? 20. Jefferson justified the Louisiana Purchase through his constitutional power to make _____________.

Review: 21. Who did Jefferson send to explore the Louisiana Purchase? 22. From what city did the expedition set out in the spring of 1804? 23. What Shoshone Indian woman acted as a guide and interpreter for the Lewis and Clark expedition? 24. How many miles did the Lewis and Clark expedition travel? 25. Who explored both the upper Mississippi River and Colorado region? 26. Who killed Alexander Hamilton in a pistol duel?

Review: 27. Pirates from the Barbary Coast attacked American shipping for several years during the early republic. Where is the Barbary Coast? 28. Define blockade— 29. Who led a raid to burn the stranded American ship Philadelphia in order to keep it from falling into enemy hands? 30. Define impressment— 31. The British attack on what American ship in 1807 led to a widespread demand for war? 32. Define embargo— 33. Identify the Embargo Act— 34. Which nation suffered the most from the Embargo Act? 35. Who won the Election of 1808 to become our fourth President?

A. More Trouble With Britain (p. 373) The Embargo Act and other measures did little to force France and Britain to respect the neutral rights of the United States. British ships continued to attack American merchant ships and seize American sailors. In March 1811, President Madison cut off U.S. trade with Great Britain and the two nations drifted closer to war.

B. Native American Resistance (pp. 373-374) Settlers on the frontier knew the British were supplying Native Americans with guns. Around 1808, a Shawnee chief named Tecumseh and his brother “the Prophet,” a shaman (religious leader), began to form a confederation of all the Native Americans east of the Mississippi River.

C. Battle of Tippecanoe (p. 374) The governor and military commander of the Indiana territory, William Henry Harrison, feared the growing strength of the Indian confederation. He led an assault on the Native Americans in what is known as the Battle of Tippecanoe (1811). This marked the beginning of a long, deadly war between Native Americans and white settlers on the frontier.

D. A Call for War (p. 375) Americans now had two reasons to be angry at Britain: the continuing trouble at sea and conflicts on the frontier. People who urged war with Britain became known as war hawks. Westerners wanted to conquer Canada to insure peace on the frontier; Southerners wanted to obtain Florida from Spain, Britain’s ally.

E. War is Declared (p. 375) By 1812, the British were so desperate for trade items that they decided to repeal the orders for interference in Americans shipping. But before President Madison learned that the British government had changed its policy, he gave in to the demands of the war hawks. On June 18, 1812, he asked Congress to declare war against Britain.

F. The War of 1812 [Multi Flow Map] America enjoys freedom of the seas Americans feel pride and sense of national identity Native Americans give up more land Impressment Violation of American Neutrality British Support of Native Americans The War of 1812 Textbook pages 368-381

Review: 36. Who tried to form a confederation of all Native Americans east of the Mississippi River? 37. Define shaman— 38. Who led a successful attack on the Native American confederation at the Battle of Tippecanoe? 39. Define war hawks— 40. List three causes of the War of 1812 (multi-flow map).