Inhibitory effect of milrinone on cytokine production after cardiopulmonary bypass Nobuhiko Hayashida, MD, PhD, Hiroshi Tomoeda, MD, Takeshi Oda, MD, Eiki Tayama, MD, Shingo Chihara, MD, Takemi Kawara, MD, Shigeaki Aoyagi, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 68, Issue 5, Pages 1661-1667 (November 1999) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00716-X
Fig 1 Cytokine and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels 1 and 3 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass were significantly lower in the milrinone group than those in the control group. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels were significantly greater in the milrinone group than those in the control group 5 minutes after initiation, at the end, and 1 hour after cardiopulmonary bypass. (Control = control group; IL-8 = interleukin-8; Ind = induction of anesthesia; Milrinone = milrinone group; NS = not significant; Off = at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass; On = 5 minutes after initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 68, 1661-1667DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00716-X)
Fig 2 Relationship between the plasma cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Plasma cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass correlated inversely (r = −0.56, p < 0.01) with interleukin-6 levels 3 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass. (Control = control group; Milrinone = milrinone group.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999 68, 1661-1667DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(99)00716-X)