Systematic analysis of protein compensation in a heterozygous strains.

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Systematic analysis of protein compensation in a heterozygous strains. Systematic analysis of protein compensation in a heterozygous strains. (A) Pairs of diploid strains were constructed where one strain is ‘wild type,’ containing a single copy of a GFP fusion and constitutively expresses mCherry (WT, red‐bordered cell). The matching strain is a heterozygous deletion of the GFP‐fusion gene, it contains one copy of the same GFP fusion but the second copy of the gene is deleted (HET, black‐bordered cells). (B) The strains were co‐cultured in 96‐well plates. Fluorescence from many cells was simultaneously recorded for each strain by flow cytometry and segmented into HET and WT populations (shown as a histogram). (C) The mean GFP fluorescence was calculated for each population of cells (GFPHET and GFPWT). We defined a compensation metric, C=log2 (GFPHET/GFPWT). Two hypothetical examples are shown, the top panel depicts a situation where the heterozygous strain fully compensates for the deletion of one of the two copies of its gene–C=1. The bottom panel depicts a strain that does not compensate–C=0. Details of our calculations are elaborated in the Supplementary information. As depicted on the far right, in wild‐type cells, half of protein X is GFP tagged (white circles with a green X), whereas the other half is untagged (black circles with a white X). All molecules of protein X in the heterozygote strain are GFP tagged. If the protein has full compensation, the total amount of protein X should be the same in the heterozygous and wild‐type strains, and therefore the amount of X‐GFP will be double than that in the wild‐type strain. If there is no compensation, both strains will have the same amount of X‐GFP as the wild‐type strain. Michael Springer et al. Mol Syst Biol 2010;6:368 © as stated in the article, figure or figure legend