Направление крутки S-крутка, левая Z – крутка, правая Show s- and z-twisted thread Hold the thread vertically in front of you and untwist it Compare with picture Why two kinds of twist direction?  for industrial production always z-twisted thread, because it untwists less while sewing History For 2-Needle-Machines one s- and one z-twisted thread was used, but danger of mix-up Today special needle for this problem Single ply = yarn Final thread = thread S-twisted only for handsewing (steering wheel), mostly waxed has to do with movement of the hand, to avoid untwisting of the thread Strongfil 11/2 S, Serabraid for handsewing Z-twisted Mostly used for machine sewing thread, because of movement of hook Single yarns s-twisted, final thread z-twisted, otherwise the thread would curl up  like a gimp/string/cord (Kordel) S-крутка, левая Z – крутка, правая

Количество слоев 2- слоя 3-слоя 4- слоя Z S Z S Z S 2-fach Often for sewing units 3-fach Often for thick threads More breaking strength Was usual for threads in former times AMANN GROUP 2010