Volume 53, Issue 4, Pages (April 1998)

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Volume 53, Issue 4, Pages 952-957 (April 1998) Control of calcium oxalate crystal structure and cell adherence by urinary macromolecules Jeffrey A. Wesson, Elaine M. Worcester, John H. Wiessner, Neil S. Mandel, Jack G. Kleinman Kidney International Volume 53, Issue 4, Pages 952-957 (April 1998) DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.1998.00839.x Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Attachment of calcium oxalate crystal types to cultured inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. Mass of crystal attached to the membrane is plotted against the mass of crystal applied for both crystal types: (•) calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and (▪) calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD). Values are means ±SE of experiments performed using four different culture groups. The asterisks indicate the pairs of data where the average values are statistically different at the 95% confidence level (P < 0.05). The points are connected to guide the eye. Kidney International 1998 53, 952-957DOI: (10.1111/j.1523-1755.1998.00839.x) Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Effect of urinary macromolecules on crystal morphology. The mass fraction of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) formed is plotted against the concentration of inhibitor protein for osteopontin (OPN; •), nephrocalcin-A (Neph-A; X), and urinary prothrombin fragment-1 (UPTF1; □). The fraction of COD was obtained by visual estimate using optical microscopy to gauge crystal identity by morphology after examination of the entire sample. The uncertainty was estimated to be in the range of ± 10% in the mid-range of fractions and drops to less than 1% at the extremes. For Neph-A, the crystal morphology of COM was affected by the presence of the protein (see Figure 3) at concentrations of about 1 μg/ml. All experiments shown here were performed at 4.0 mM calcium and 0.4 mM oxalate ion concentrations. Many, but not all conditions, were tested two or more times, due to the limited samples of urinary macromolecules available. Kidney International 1998 53, 952-957DOI: (10.1111/j.1523-1755.1998.00839.x) Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Calcium oxalate crystal morphology without inhibitors (A) and in the presence of Neph-A (B). Solutions were initially 1.5 mM for both calcium and oxalate; the concentration of Neph-A was 100 nM. Without inhibitors (A) the morphology is of typical COM; with Neph-A (B), there are some octahedral crystals (large arrow) characteristic of COD and a larger fraction of cubic appearing crystals (small arrow), shown to be COM by X-ray powder diffraction. Kidney International 1998 53, 952-957DOI: (10.1111/j.1523-1755.1998.00839.x) Copyright © 1998 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions