Variations in the Output Power and Surface Heating Effects of Transducers in Therapeutic Ultrasound Christian Kollmann, PhD, Gerda Vacariu, MD, Othmar.

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Presentation transcript:

Variations in the Output Power and Surface Heating Effects of Transducers in Therapeutic Ultrasound Christian Kollmann, PhD, Gerda Vacariu, MD, Othmar Schuhfried, MD, Veronika Fialka-Moser, MD, Helmar Bergmann, PhD Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 86, Issue 7, Pages 1318-1324 (July 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.02.001 Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Examples of IR-thermography images showing transducer surfaces operating in CW mode: (A) circular flat transducer driven with an intensity of 2W/cm2 and (B) spherical transducer driven with an intensity of 50mW/cm2. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 1318-1324DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2005.02.001) Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Increase of transducer surface temperature for equipment operating in CW mode with different intensities (a small ERA transducer for the same machine is indicated with [s] as seconds within the legend). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 1318-1324DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2005.02.001) Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Increase of transducer surface temperature for equipment operating in PW mode with different intensities (a small ERA transducer for the same machine is indicated with [s] within the legend). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 1318-1324DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2005.02.001) Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Displayed versus measured power for various ERA of machines operating in CW mode. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 1318-1324DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2005.02.001) Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Displayed versus measured power for various ERA of machines operating in PW mode. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 1318-1324DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2005.02.001) Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 IR-thermography images of the inner forearm after 1 minute of transmission in CW mode at 1W/cm2 by the same transducer under 3 conditions: (A) the transducer was statically coupled to the skin, but not activated (reference temperature); (B) the transducer was preheated, emitting in air for 5 minutes before being applied to the skin (surface temperature, ≈55°C); and (C) the transducer was applied at ambient surface temperature then operated. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 1318-1324DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2005.02.001) Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions