Introduction Results Materials and Methods Conclusions References 1 The classification and common genetic abnormalities in children with newly diagnosed acute leukemia at Hue Central Hospital, Vietnam. Authors: HA Chau Van1,THANG Nguyen Duy1,HOA PhanThi Thuy1, 　　　　 HUNG Pham Hoang1,KHOA Pham Thi Minh1, WATANABE Kazuyo2. 1Hue CentralHospital, Hue, Vietnam, 2Asian Children’s Care League(ACCL), Tokyo, Japan. Introduction Results Of 50 patients analyzed, there were 38 children with ALL and 12 children with AML, median age was 3.7 year (range 2 months  to 15 years). - Regarding ALL : L1 was  common with 60.5%, L2 was less with 39.5% and L3 was rare. B cell ALL was common with 84.2%, T cell ALL was 15.8%. The frequencies of the genetic abnormalities were as follow: 9(23.7%) with t(12;21)/TEL-AML1, 2(5.3%) with t(9;22)/BCR-ABL, 3(7.9%) with t(4;11)/MLL-AF4, 4(10.5%) with t(1,19) / E2A-PBX1. - Regarding AML : M2 was  common  with 41.6%. M1 was 25.0%, M4 was 16.7%.  M6 was 16.7%., The frequencies were :1(8.3%) with t(8;21) /AML1-ETO, 2(16.6%) with t(15;17)/PML-RARA, 1(8.3%) with t(16,16)/CBFB-MYH11, 2(16.6%) with t(9;11)/MLL-AF9. 31.6% of ALL and 41.7% of AML had been chromosomal abnormalities. Hyperdiploidy were 21.1% of ALL and 25.0% of AML. Traditionally acute leukemia (AL) was classified on the basis of morphology and cytochemistry. Accurate subclassification of leukemia is essential to guide therapy and to improve patients’ outcome. The aim of this study was to implement immunophenotyping and  detect the common genetic abnormalities to classify different subtypes of acute leukemia at Hue Central Hospital. Materials and Methods This is a single institutional prospective study of 50 children newly diagnosed with AL from May 2012 to  May 2014 at Hue Central Hospital. The diagnosis was confirmed by morphological FAB criteria, cytochemistry, immunophenotype. The molecular genetic screening test using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect  fusion gene transcripts.  Conclusions Diagnosis and classification of acute leukemia in Hue Central Hospital have improved by implementing immunophenotyping and detecting genetic abnormalities which can determine the subtypes of acute leukemia and to decrease errors of morphologic classification. The frequencies of the genetic abnormalities of our patients are higher than in the reported literatures. Our sample size is small; therefore, further study with larger sample size will be necessary to have the true frequencies. 1 References Silvana A, (2012). Value of Multifaced App. roach Diagnosis and Classification of Acute Leukemias, A Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 7 (3), pp. 254-260.D Pui C-H, (2008).Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Lancet, 371, pp. 1030-1043.C Bain B, (2001). Morphological, Immunophenotypic, Cytogenetic, Molecular genetic (MIC-M) classification of acute leukemia, Experimental Oncology, 23, pp. 11-16.E. Ariffin H, (2003).Validation of a multiplex RT-PCR assay for screening significant oncology fusion transcripts in children with acute lymphoplastic leukemia, Singapore Med, 44, pp 517-20.