Skeletal & Muscular Systems The word Skeletal comes from the Greek word meaning “dried-up body” Anthropologists have found that some societies treat skulls in a manner to honor the dead. Parts of Ethiopia have unusual geological features that has made possible the preservation of human ancestors from six million years ago to the present. It took international researchers three years to assemble the Human skulls from Herto and another three years to analyze them sufficiently to publish their findings. Fossilized skulls from 156,000 years ago provide a glimpse of the oldest known anatomically modern human, Homo sapiens idaltu

Skeletal & Muscular Systems 1988 Summer Olympics – Canadian Ben Johnson – flew past his competitors in the 100m run- Olympic Gold medalist- but 72 hours later officials rescinded the gold medal Urine test revealed a synthetic steroid 1992 summer games/2000 summer games/2003-Oakland Raiders All the above showed evidence of steroid use and abuse Athletes use steroids to take advantage of the hormones ability to increase muscle strength. This at considerable physiological risks Steroid use began in Nazi Germany- Hitler – super race

Skeletal & Muscular Systems Ironically, later steroids were used to build up emaciated bodies of concentration camp survivors 1950s Soviet athletes / 1960s US athletes began using them in the Olympic games In 1976, the International Olympic Committee banned steroid use and required urine tests for detection of steroids. Anabolic steroids were created for medical purposes. Treat- anemia/muscle-wasting disorders/bulk up muscle that had atrophied due to extended bed rest/ Today –treat muscle wasting associated with AIDS