Warm-Up: Write a homework reminder! Remember, you must include the analogy with the name of the organelle and function - do QUALITY WORK! Update your table of contents! Date Session # Activity Page 2/4 & 2/5 3 Cellular Processes – Intro to STERNGRR 6

Data Folders You will get your data folder and file all of your tests and quizzes from last quarter. While you wait, review your notes so you will do better during the Quick Ticket Review!

Quick Ticket Review Cells contain organelles and each organelle has a specific function to keep the cell alive…lets see if you remember!

Makes the energy for the cell Quick Ticket Review Makes the energy for the cell

Stores materials like water, nutrients and waste Quick Ticket Review Stores materials like water, nutrients and waste

Sends proteins where they are needed Quick Ticket Review Sends proteins where they are needed

Produces food energy through photosynthesis Quick Ticket Review Produces food energy through photosynthesis

Semi-permeable barrier that controls what enters or leaves Quick Ticket Review Semi-permeable barrier that controls what enters or leaves

What does semi-permeable mean? Quick Ticket Review What does semi-permeable mean?

Provides structure and protection in plant cells Quick Ticket Review Provides structure and protection in plant cells

Liquid that supports organelles and holds them in place Quick Ticket Review Liquid that supports organelles and holds them in place

Quick Ticket Review Builds proteins

Controls the cell and contains the DNA Quick Ticket Review Controls the cell and contains the DNA

Packages and delivers materials to make proteins Quick Ticket Review Packages and delivers materials to make proteins

Larger storage area found in plant cells Quick Ticket Review Larger storage area found in plant cells

Digests or breaks down materials Quick Ticket Review Digests or breaks down materials

Take it back a little further… Review Take it back a little further…

Quick Ticket Review The study of life

5 Characteristics of a Living Thing Quick Ticket Review 5 Characteristics of a Living Thing

A living thing made up of at least one cell Quick Ticket Review A living thing made up of at least one cell

Organism made up of many cells Quick Ticket Review Organism made up of many cells

The smallest unit of any living thing Quick Ticket Review The smallest unit of any living thing

Organism made up of only one cell Quick Ticket Review Organism made up of only one cell

Type of cell that has a nucleus Quick Ticket Review Type of cell that has a nucleus

3 Points of The Cell Theory Quick Ticket Review 3 Points of The Cell Theory

Eukaryotic cells usually go with which type of organism? Quick Ticket Review Eukaryotic cells usually go with which type of organism?

Type of cell that does not have a nucleus Quick Ticket Review Type of cell that does not have a nucleus

Prokaryotic cells go with which type of organism? Quick Ticket Review Prokaryotic cells go with which type of organism?

Which organisms are Eukaryotic and Unicellular? Quick Ticket Review Which organisms are Eukaryotic and Unicellular?

What do all cells need to function? Quick Ticket Review What do all cells need to function?

How do plant cells make their energy? Quick Ticket Review How do plant cells make their energy?

How do animal cells make their energy? Quick Ticket Review How do animal cells make their energy?

5 Characteristics of a Living Thing -Expanded Details Organized Structure - cells & their organelles - DNA/genetic codes Grow and Develop – making new cells, repair of cells Respond to Environment – adapts, reacts to stimuli Reproduction – producing offspring Uses/needs energy – photosynthesis & cellular respiration

Review The two main processes for creating energy in a cell are Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration but there are many more processes that ensure cell function & survival!

(Metabolic) Cellular Processes: The processes we will discuss…STERNGRR Synthesis (photosynthesis would fit here) Transport Excretion Regulation Nutrition Growth Respiration (cellular respiration would fit here) Reproduction

Synthesis How organisms build necessary materials Examples: Protein Synthesis: making proteins Photosynthesis: plants make food using energy from sunlight

Synthesis Which organelles would mainly be involved in these processes?

Transport How organisms get what they need to cells (moving materials within the organism) Examples: Active Transport vs. Passive Transport

Transport Which organelles would mainly be involved in these processes?

Excretion How organisms get rid/break down their waste and balance their fluids Examples: Removing anything unnecessary from the cell

Excretion Which organelles would mainly be involved in these processes?

Sweating – reduces body temperature Regulation How organisms control body processes Examples: Important to homeostasis - to maintain balance within the body and adapt to changes Sweating – reduces body temperature

Sweating – reduces body temperature Regulation Which organelles would mainly be involved in these processes? Sweating – reduces body temperature

Nutrition How organisms get or obtain food Examples: Fungi decompose dead remains (decomposer) Plants make their own food (autotroph) Animals consume other organisms and absorb food (heterotroph)

Nutrition Which organelles would mainly be involved in these processes?

Growth How organisms make new cells and develop and repair necessary body parts Example: Cell division (Mitosis) Develop – to change due to hormonal or mental cues Grow – to get larger in size; body size

Growth Grow – to get larger in size; body size Which organelles would mainly be involved in these processes? Develop – to change due to hormonal or mental cues Grow – to get larger in size; body size

Respiration How organisms make usable energy Example:

Respiration Which organelles would mainly be involved in these processes? Example:

Reproduction Organisms produce offspring to prevent extinction Examples: Mitosis & Meiosis Sexual or Asexual Reproduction

Reproduction Which organelles would mainly be involved in these processes?

A Gummy Situation We are going to use your gummy bear to demonstrate some of the cellular processes and vocabulary next class. Name your gummy bear, and write the name on the masking tape. Fill your container with water – enough to cover a gummy bear, but not so much that it will spill out when you place the bear in! Put your bear in the water filled container, put the lid on, and put the masking tape label over the lid.

Part 1: Create a Hypothesis… If I leave my gummy bear baby in water until Friday, then…..because…..

Relationship Sets – “Self Vocab Quiz” You will create 10 “relationship sets” or sentences to show that you understand the relationship between the vocabulary words from the last 3 lessons. Minimum of 2 words per sentence, but no maximum. You may repeat words, but be careful not to write the same concept over and over.

Relationship Sets – “Self Vocab Quiz” Bueno (Good): Cellular respiration is the process through which animal cells create energy, and the main organelle involved in this process is the mitochondria. No Bueno (No Good): Organisms can be both biotic or abiotic because they are made of cells.

Warm-Up: Write your homework – get it stamped! Put your Cell Analogies in the basket! If you did not turn your relationship sets in last class, please turn those in as well! Date Session # Activity Page 2/6 & 2/7 4 Cellular Processes – In Depth 7

Cellular Processes Cellular processes are things needed to keep the cell alive. 1. Photosynthesis 2. Cellular Respiration 3. Transport Active Passive Diffusion Osmosis 4. Mitosis

1. Photosynthesis Plant cells use energy from the sun, carbon dioxide and water to make food. Reactants Process Products Carbon Dioxide Water Energy (sunlight) The chloroplasts take the sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make food Sugars (glucose) Oxygen

Chemical Formula for Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy from Sunlight ---> 6O2 + C6H12O6 STOP & THINK: Is this endothermic or exothermic?

2. Cellular Respiration Animal Cells then use the oxygen and sugars to “breathe” and make energy (ATP) Reactants Process Products Sugars (glucose) Oxygen The mitochondria takes the sugar and the oxygen and makes energy Carbon Dioxide Water Energy (ATP)

Chemical Formula for Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy STOP & THINK: Is this endothermic or exothermic?

Turn & Talk: Cellular Respiration Question Why do you breathe more when you’re running around than when you’re sitting watching television?

Cellular Respiration Answer Because you’re requiring more energy when you run than when you’re just sitting watching TV right? So if you need more energy, then you need more oxygen to give you that energy so your cells undergo respiration!

3. TRANSPORT Things have to move in and out of the cell There are 2 types of transport Active Transport Passive Transport Remember: Which organelle allows things to enter or leave the cell?

Materials are moved in and out of cell using the cell’s energy Active VS. Passive Materials are moved in and out of cell using the cell’s energy Materials are moved in and out of cell WITHOUT using the cell’s energy Remember: Which organelle makes the energy for the cell again? What is that process called when the cell makes energy?

Passive Transport The cell uses 2 main processes to passively move materials in and out of the cell. Diffusion Osmosis

Diffusion BUT WHY?? Process by which molecules spread out Move from areas of HIGH concentration to LOW concentration BUT WHY??

Equilibrium Molecules don’t like to be crowded, so they spread out, or diffuse, until their concentration is equal everywhere, which is called equilibrium.

Turn & Talk: Diffusion Questions What happens when you add Kool-Aid to water? What happens when you keep adding water?

Diffusion Review Answer The Kool-Aid begins to diffuse throughout the water until the Kool-Aid reaches equilibrium. The Kool-Aid becomes less concentrated (both the color and the flavor) as you add more water.

Diffusion Demo

Osmosis The diffusion of water through a membrane Remember: Which organelle would store water in the cell?? Which organelle would the water have to pass through to enter the cell again?

Turn & Talk: Osmosis Question Why do your hands get wrinkly when you’re in the water for a long time?

Osmosis Review Answer When your hands are in water for a long period time you wash off the oily substance that keeps water from entering your skin. So once that oily layer is washed away your skin becomes semi-permeable and water passes through the membrane, which is osmosis. Your hands become wrinkly because they are trying to reach equilibrium with the water, but only some of your skin is actually attached to the tissue underneath!! Bonus – it is an evolutionary adaptation that helps us grip wet objects!

A Gummy Situation Part 2

Let’s take a break and check on our Gummy Bear Babies… Using the following vocabulary words, explain what happened to your baby: Transport (distinguish whether it is active or passive) Osmosis Diffusion/Diffuse Concentration Equilibrium

4. Mitosis The steps a cell goes through to reproduce and make more cells so an organism can grow and repair itself New cell is an exact copy of original cell

Mitosis Mitosis is a process broken down into 4 parts: Part 1: Prophase Part 2: Metaphase Part 3: Anaphase Part 4: Telophase

Mitosis Use your book to fill out the graphic organizer for Mitosis…Pages E82-E83 Prophase Nuclear membrane disappears DNA condenses into chromosomes

Mitosis Metaphase Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell Chromosomes split into two identical separate sets The 2 sets of chromosomes pull to the opposite ends of the cell Anaphase

Mitosis Telophase 2 new nuclear membranes form The cell pinches and divides into 2 new cells!! cytoplasm is divided which is called cytokinesis

Mitosis & Binary Fission Why do you think it is important for the DNA/chromosomes to be copied before the cell divides? What is binary fission? How is it similar and different to mitosis?

Cells Alive Animation Phases of Mitosis http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

Tie it all Together… For the cells to carry out all of these processes, what do they need? How do we get that energy? Do all foods give us the same nutrients and therefore amount of energy? So, how do we ensure that our cells stay healthy and are able to function?

HOMEWORK Bring in a nutrition label from any food next class…feel free to bring extras for those who “forget!” BYOT