Matthew R. Schill, MD, Spencer J

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Evaluation of a Novel Cryoprobe for Atrial Ablation in a Chronic Ovine Model Matthew R. Schill, MD, Spencer J. Melby, MD, Molly Speltz, DVM, DACVP, May Breitbach, BS, Richard B. Schuessler, PhD, Ralph J. Damiano, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 104, Issue 3, Pages 1069-1073 (September 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.02.041 Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 The cryoprobe used in this study. (Courtesy of AtriCure, Inc, used with permission.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2017 104, 1069-1073DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.02.041) Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Lesions used for study, drawn on posteroanterior schematic of atria. Blue lines denote cryoablation; green line denotes atriotomy. (IVC = inferior vena cava; SVC = superior vena cava.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2017 104, 1069-1073DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.02.041) Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Section preparation. Each lesion was excised with rim of normal tissue surrounding it. Sections were taken transversely every 5 mm along lesion. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2017 104, 1069-1073DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.02.041) Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Lesion depth versus tissue thickness by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). Transmural lesions fall along a line of unity; nontransmural lesions lie below this line of unity. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2017 104, 1069-1073DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.02.041) Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Lesion depth (measured at center of lesion) versus tissue thickness by Masson’s trichrome. Transmural lesions fall along a line of unity; nontransmural lesions lie below this line of unity. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2017 104, 1069-1073DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.02.041) Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Representative (A) transmural and (B) nontransmural sections by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) (left) and Masson’s trichrome (right). Viable tissue stains dark red with TTC; nonviable tissue appears yellow to white. Collagen in scar tissue stains blue with Masson’s trichrome; muscle tissue stains red. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2017 104, 1069-1073DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.02.041) Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions