What do These 3 Things Have in Common?? Statue Grand Canyon Sand Pile

They have all been subjected to the process of

weathering

THE CHANGING OF ROCK BY PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL MEANS I.WEATHERING: THE CHANGING OF ROCK BY PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL MEANS

For weathering to occur the rocks must be exposed to: AIR (atmosphere) WATER (hydrosphere) ACTIONS OF LIVING ORGANISM

Evidence of Weathering: The end product of the weathering of rocks is SEDIMENT

A. PHYSICAL WEATHERING: The breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces without changing the chemical composition

FROST ACTION The alternate freezing and thawing of water

WATER EXPANDS WHEN IT FREEZES

Ice Wedging or Frost Action

Half Dome in Yosemite California

A Weathered Sidewalk

The wearing away of rocks by scraping against each other ABRASION The wearing away of rocks by scraping against each other

RUNNING WATER AND WIND CAN CAUSE ROCKS TO RUB AGAINST EACH OTHER AND WEAR THEM DOWN

Removal of outer layers of rock, due to uplifting from beneath EXFOLIATION Removal of outer layers of rock, due to uplifting from beneath

PLANT ACTION

Plant roots break thru rocks or lift buried rocks to the surface PLANT ACTION Plant roots break thru rocks or lift buried rocks to the surface

EXPOSES NEW SURFACES TO WEATHERING PLANT ROOTS EXPOSES NEW SURFACES TO WEATHERING

CHEMICAL WEATHERING

B. CHEMICAL WEATHERING: Breaks down rock by changing its chemical composition - USUALLY INVOLVES WATER

OXIDATION OCCURS WHEN OXYGEN FROM AIR COMBINES WITH MINERALS (& water) TO FORM OXIDES Ex. RUST

This was washed up on a beach!!

A rusty gate……

OCCURS WHEN WATER CONTAINING CARBONIC ACID (H2CO3) DISSOLVES MINERALS CARBONATION OCCURS WHEN WATER CONTAINING CARBONIC ACID (H2CO3) DISSOLVES MINERALS

EX. LIMESTONE CAVES

ACIDS Ex. ACID RAIN SULFUR AND NITROGEN COMBINE WITH WATER TO MAKE RAINWATER UNNATURALLY ACIDIC Ex. ACID RAIN

CLEOPATRA’S NEEDLE Central Park What sedimentary rock is Cleopatras needle made from? Central Park CLEOPATRA’S NEEDLE

HYDRATION OCCURS WHEN _______ SUCH AS MICA AND FELDSPAR ABSORB ________ AND WEAKEN AND FORM ________ MINERALS WATER CLAY

II. FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE OF WEATHERING A. PARTICLE SIZE B II. FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE OF WEATHERING A. PARTICLE SIZE B. COMPOSITION OF ROCK C. CLIMATE

increase PARTICLE SIZE If you increase the surface area you will ___________ the rate of weathering increase

Rate of weathering Particle Size

Rate of weathering Surface Area

LARGE PARTICLES = SLOW WEATHERING SMALL PARTICLES = FAST WEATHERING

SOME ROCKS ARE MORE RESISTANT TO WEATHERING (Weather slower). B. COMPOSITION OF ROCK SOME ROCKS ARE MORE RESISTANT TO WEATHERING (Weather slower).

What metamorphic rock is this tombstone made from?

SHALE SHALE SHALE WATER DOLOSTONE WHICH ROCK IS THE MOST RESISTANT TO WEATHERING? SHALE LIMESTONE SANDSTONE SHALE SANDSTONE SHALE

SHALE SHALE SHALE DOLOSTONE WHICH ROCK IS THE MOST RESISTANT TO WEATHERING? SHALE LIMESTONE SANDSTONE SHALE SANDSTONE SHALE

SHALE SHALE SHALE DOLOSTONE WHICH ROCK IS THE LEAST RESISTANT TO WEATHERING? SHALE LIMESTONE SANDSTONE SHALE SANDSTONE SHALE

SHALE SHALE SHALE DOLOSTONE WHICH ROCK IS THE LEAST RESISTANT TO WEATHERING? SHALE LIMESTONE SANDSTONE SHALE SANDSTONE SHALE

CLIMATE Average temperature & precipitation What type of weathering would occur?

CLIMATE AFFECTS: FROST ACTION CHEMICAL WEATHERING

Moderate physical and chemical weathering If: temperature = 5 precipitation = 100

Faster rate of chemical weathering temperature = 20 precipitation = 100

Faster physical weathering If: temperature = -10 precipitation = 50

CLIMATIC EFFECTS ON WEATHERING: PHYSICAL WEATHERING DOMINATES IN COLD, MOIST CLIMATES

CLIMATIC EFFECTS ON WEATHERING: CHEMICAL WEATHERING DOMINATES IN WARM, MOIST CLIMATES

IN GENERAL WHEN THERE IS MORE THERE IS MORE WEATHERING MOISTURE(Water) IN GENERAL WHEN THERE IS MORE THERE IS MORE WEATHERING

What does weathering produce? (Hint more valuable than gold)

SOIL FORMATION: SOIL IS THE COMBINATION OF: ROCK PARTICLES MINERALS ORGANIC MATTER

THE END RESULT OF WEATHERING AND BIOLOGIC ACTIVITY IS: soil

Adding to a compost pile

Addition of organic material (biological activity) SOIL FORMATION: Breakdown of rock Addition of organic material ( from decomposition ) (biological activity)

SOIL HORIZONS (LAYERS) A (TOP SOIL) rich in organic material B little organic material rich in minerals leeched from horizon A C partly weathered broken up bedrock sits on top of solid bedrock

The two types of sediment (soil) are: Transported Residual

TRANSPORTED SOILS: CARRIED FROM LOCATION OF PARENT ROCK MOST OF NEW YORK SOIL IS TRANSPORTED

3 WAYS THAT SOIL CAN DIFFER IN VARIOUS LOCATIONS: SOIL ASSOCIATIONS (CHARACTERISTICS) 3 WAYS THAT SOIL CAN DIFFER IN VARIOUS LOCATIONS: 1. COMPOSITION (bedrock) 2. MOISTURE 3. ORGANIC MATERIAL

HOW CAN WE IMPROVE THE SOIL’S ABILITY TO SUSTAIN LIFE?

Terrace planting

Wind breaks like trees Planted To Stop Wind erosion

Flood Levees

StudyJams Weathering and Erosion.movie https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hnzizl9biyc&list=PLD22E19432527DB85