Chemistry Part 2

A. Kinetic Molecular Theory KMT Tiny, constantly moving particles make up all matter. The kinetic energy (motion) of these particles increases as temperature increases.

States of Matter Solids low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around definite shape & volume

States of Matter Liquids higher KE - particles can move around but are still close together indefinite shape definite volume

States of Matter Gases high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container indefinite shape & volume

Chemical Reactions In a chemical reaction substances rearrange atoms to form new substances

Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions Reactants- are on the left of the arrow Products-are on the right of the arrow Law of Conservation of Mass-Matter cannot be destroyed nor created.

Activation Energy Most chemical reactions need energy to start, that energy is called activation energy

Catalysts and Enzymes Certain chemical substances will speed up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy Biological catalysts are called enzymes

Enzymes

What Are Enzymes? Most enzymes are Proteins Act as Catalyst to accelerates a reaction Not permanently changed in the process

Enzymes Are specific for what they will catalyze Are Reusable End in –ase -Sucrase -Lactase -Maltase

Enzyme-Substrate Complex The substance (reactant) an enzyme acts on is the substrate Enzyme Joins Substrate

Active Site A restricted region of an enzyme molecule which binds to the substrate. It fits like a lock and key Active Site Enzyme Substrate

Enzyme Substrate Complex

Factors that can effect enzyme rate Temperature pH Cofactors or coenzymes inhibitors

Questions? “A positive attitude causes a chain reaction of positive thoughts, events and outcomes. It is a catalyst and it sparks extraordinary results.”