Chapter 10 Section 3

Recap Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory which doubled the size of the U.S. Once Jefferson heard of the secret agreement between Spain and France he feared that France might try to control American trade along the Mississippi River. He feared a potential war with the French as a result of it, so to avoid war he wanted to purchase New Orleans and ended up with the entire Louisiana Territory.

Barbary Pirates Along the North African coast, there were pirates. The countries along this coast—the Barbary States—demanded tribute—money paid for protection. Many countries paid tribute, because it cost less than war with the pirates. The United States paid tribute to the Barbary States. One of these was Tripoli. In 1801, Tripoli asked the United States for even more tribute. President Jefferson did not pay, so Tripoli declared war on the United States.

In reply, Jefferson sent ships to blockade Tripoli. These ships kept other ships from getting in or out of Tripoli. In 1804 pirates took control of the United States warship Philadelphia. They took the ship to Tripoli Harbor and put the sailors in jail. Stephen Decatur, a U.S. Navy captain, took action. He led a small group into the harbor. He burned the Philadelphia so the pirates could not use it. The war ended in 1805. Tripoli stopped asking for tribute.

Impressment Issues Cont. In 1804 Great Britain and France were still at war. The United States stayed neutral. It did not take sides in the war. American ships had neutral rights. They could sail the seas freely and trade with both Britain and France. However, both France and Great Britain kept searching and seizing American ships. In addition, Great Britain kept impressing our sailors.

Leopard vs Chesapeake In June 1807, the British warship Leopard stopped the U.S. ship Chesapeake. The Leopard’s captain wanted to search the Chesapeake. The Chesapeake’s captain said no. The British ship shot at the U.S. ship, killing three sailors. Americans were very angry.

Even though many Americans wanted war with Britain, Jefferson did not. Neutrality Even though many Americans wanted war with Britain, Jefferson did not.

The Embargo Act After the attack on the Chesapeake, Jefferson asked Congress to pass the Embargo Act. Congress passed this law in December 1807. The act targeted Great Britain, but the embargo banned imports and exports from all foreign countries. The Embargo Act failed. People who worked in shipping lost their jobs, and farmers lost markets for their crops. (they could not sell to England i.e. cotton or tobacco) . Meanwhile Britain, simply bought needed goods from other countries.

The Election of 1808 James Madison vs. Charles Pinckney Madison was Democratic- Republican. Pinckney was Federalist Madison won the presidency with 122 electoral votes. Pinckney received just 47 votes.

James Madison – 4th President of the United States Born in Virginia Author of the Virginia Plan Father of the Constitution Father of the Bill of Rights Congressman (1789-1797) Helped organize the Democratic- Republican Party Secretary of State (1801-1809) Clip

Madison Faces 3 issues The embargo hurt the economy, so people were angry. • Britain kept stopping American ships. • In the West, tension with Native Americans grew

In 1810, Congress said it would stop the embargo with the country that lifted its trade ban. The British took no action, but Napoleon acted quickly, promising to end France’s trade restrictions. In spite of their promise, the French continued to seize and sell American ships. The American people were divided over who the enemy should be.

Madison also had problems in the western United States. White settlers wanted more land. The land they wanted had been given to Native Americans by treaty. Tensions grew. Native Americans tried two things: They talked to the British in Canada about working together. They joined with other Native American groups.

Tecumseh Tecumseh, a Shawnee chief vowed to stop Natives losing their land to white settlers. Tecumseh wanted all native tribes to unite. The natives were defeated and many killed, including Tecumseh, at the battle of Tippecanoe in 1813, led by William Henry Harrison. Tecumseh’s Curse

Call for War – Summarize The evidence of British support for Tecumseh further inflamed Americans. War Hawks wanted war against Britain. They wanted to put a stop to British influence among Native Americans. They also wanted to invade Canada and gain more land for settlement. They were also angered by British trade restriction. They felt a sense of Nationalism (Devotion in one’s country) New England Federalist opposed the War Hawks. British trade restrictions and impressment had hurt their economy. People there wanted to renew friendly business ties with Britain instead of fighting another war. Others – argued that the war with Great Britain would be foolish. They feared the U.S. was not ready to fight. The U.S. Navy and army were small and poorly equipped.

Declaring War 1812 Relations with Britain worsened In the spring, Britain told the U.S. they would continue impressing sailors Native Americans continued to attack settlers in the Northwest The War Hawks won – by June Congress declared war!