Examples of a six-axis spine testing machines using a dual axis actuator, an active XY platform, and a gimbal (top-left),95 a hexapod system (top-right),108.

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Demonstrations I, II, and III.

A) Post-operative CT scan of lumbosacral spine, axial view, demonstrating the trajectory of the iliac screws placed through the ilium. b) anterior-posterior.

Patient reported outcomes for one-level TDR and ACDF Patients from preoperative to 7 years follow-up. Patient reported outcomes for one-level TDR and ACDF.

Each specimen was instrumented (L1-4) and tested with both standard and cortical trajectory pedicle screws. Each specimen was instrumented (L1-4) and tested.

A battery-free microorigami robotic arm.

Demonstration of high-speed and precise actuation.

Workspace comparison of Delta robots.

Group data during free walking between sessions 1 and 16.

Preoperative anteroposterior and postoperative radiographic views show a 53° degenerative scoliosis, disk space collapse, and neural foraminal narrowing.

Initial and final follow-up axial CT images of the multilevel PD-L cases with VB-SFs without clinical sequelae. Initial and final follow-up axial CT images.

Lateral radiographs demonstrating the corrected spinal alignment and stability resulting from the anterior fusion at C4 through C6 with bone graft restoring.

Mean Neck Disability Index (NDI) values pretreatment and at each follow-up interval for all patients (N = 25) as well as for patients with ≤48 months of.

PH/CR/FC technique for PD-L device implantation.

Preoperative (top) radiographs, immediate postoperative (middle) radiographs, and 24-month (bottom) CT scans of a 68-year-old female anteriolateral fusion.

(a) Postoperative T1-weighted magnetic resonance image depicting appropriate decompression. (a) Postoperative T1-weighted magnetic resonance image depicting.

Two-way ANOVA analysis of additive manufactured (AM) compared to titanium plasma spray (TPS) coated discs, with and without nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite.

Axial presacral interbody fusion procedure.

Radiographic evidence of screw loosening.

Range of motion of ALIF and the expandable TLIF devices in both implanted segments (L2-L3 and L3-L4) in flexion-extension under 400N follower preload.

The neonatal care environment.

The foldable robotic arm with seven modules assembled in series.

Range and distribution of motion at L5-S1, L4-5, and L3-4 levels for normal (data from literature), untreated (adjacent to treated levels), implanted with.

Magnetic resonance image showing lumbar spinal stenosis.

Magnetic resonance images before surgery.

Magnetic resonance images and computed tomography scans before and after the surgery. Magnetic resonance images and computed tomography scans before and.

Computed tomography scans before surgery.

Sagittal vertebral translation measurement method.

Two-way ANOVA analysis of additive manufactured (AM) compared to titanium plasma spray (TPS) coated discs, with and without nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite.

Radiculogram for the right L5 nerve root.

The milliDelta: a millimeter-scale Delta robot.

Case 3. Case 3. The preoperative and postoperative lumbar radiographs show effective correction of both the lateral L4–5 listhesis and the 40° lumbar scoliosis.

Histology of 6-week samples of fusion by DCFGP (A and B) and commercial DBM (C and D). Histology of 6-week samples of fusion by DCFGP (A and B) and commercial.

EM Navigation System The EM navigation system is the size and profile of a standard fluoroscopy C-arm, but has stereotactic capability (A). EM Navigation.

Intraoperative photographs showing a reddish-brown lesion overlying the thecal sac (Left) which was removed en bloc following laminectomy (Right). Intraoperative.

(a) Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging sagittal images of the lumbar spine of a female patient with degenerative disc disease and osteoarthritic changes.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine: reduced thickness of cord along with hyperintense signal on T2 in cord at the level C1-vertebra–myelomalacia.

At 5 days after revision percutaneous endoscopic discectomy (PED) surgery, the discal cyst disappeared on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (A) sagittal.

Box and whisker plot depicting the score distribution of each NOMS subscale. Box and whisker plot depicting the score distribution of each NOMS subscale.

Experimental characterization of the milliDelta’s quasi-static workspace (yellow) compared with the theoretical workspace (blue) generated by the kinematic.

Case example of a typical L5S1 case.

64 year old male with CSM. (A) T2 sagittal MRI showing cord compression and signal changes due to multiple disc herniations between C year old male.

Rates of closed cervical fracture levels across age groups.

Effect of slenderness on optimal shapes.

Endoscopic view. 6a: the black dotted line shows the ruptured and collapsed discal cyst wall, the blue dotted line demarcates dura. 6b: tail of herniated.

Flat back syndrome. Flat back syndrome. (A) The preoperative middle-column height is mm. (B) The postoperative middle-column height utilizing a commercially.

SoFi system overview. SoFi system overview. (Top, left to right) Soft robotic fish and diver interface module. (Bottom, left to right) Subcomponents of.

Lateral projection angiogram at completion of the procedure from the left internal carotid artery demonstrating preservation of the transverse sinus providing.

Radiographic and histologic appearance of remnant cartilage grafts at 8 weeks. Radiographic and histologic appearance of remnant cartilage grafts at 8.

Postoperative radiographic findings at 6 weeks show a cystic lesion on the left side of L4-L5 disc on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (A, B) and.

Preoperative T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (sagittal view) shows disc herniation at the L4-L5 disc level (A) and axial view of MRI shows.

Univariate distribution of outcomes by surgery cohort.

Female patient age 62 with low back pain and with degenerative type IIA LSTV articulation (arrows) on the right side on plain film. Female patient age.

The six-station custom wear testing apparatus used to conduct all the fatigue testing reported in this study. The six-station custom wear testing apparatus.

The non-cervical group (LD) did not demonstrate a significant increase in post-operative dysphagia (p=0.21), odynophagia (p=0.5), or voice (p=0.13) disability.

Justin Mathew et al. Int J Spine Surg 2013;7:e29-e38

Micro–computed tomography images showing time course of single-level posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion using hypertrophic chondrocyte pellet grafts in.

(A) Representation of currently held view of chronic low-back pain, in which chronic low-back pain, financial health, psychological health, and social.

Intraoperative pictures showing suboccipital craniotomy using cranitome (right) followed by occipitocervical fusion and laminectomy of the atlas (left).

(A) Lateral x-ray of the cervical spine of a 56-year-old male with Down syndrome and progressive myelopathy. (A) Lateral x-ray of the cervical spine of.

A. A. The Richard Wolf YESS endoscope facilitates endoscopic documentation of pathoanatomy. The uniqueness of the YESS scope is the 2.8mm working channel.

1) Local anesthetic 2) Dye for discography 3) 23 G discography needle 4) 18 G endoscopy needle 5) guide wire, 6 ) & 8) Triphines, 7) & 10) cannula 9) obturator.

Preoperative T2 MRI images of the cervical spine at a) C3-4, b) C4-5, and c) C5-6 demonstrating multilevel disc disease, spondylosis, and nerve root impingement.

Experimental setup for HIL Bayesian optimization.

Changes of treatment selection for ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms in the USA before and after the publication of the International Subarachnoid.

Response of the actuator to different stimulations.

Representative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of unseeded titanium plasma spray (TPS) coated and additive manufactured (AM) discs (top left),

a) Trans-iliac window is 4

MADs used in the two study arms.

‘Pull up traction test’ setting: the figure shows a stent retriever deployed within a silicone tube maintained by a rigid scaffold; the push wire is connected.

Presentation transcript:

Examples of a six-axis spine testing machines using a dual axis actuator, an active XY platform, and a gimbal (top-left),95 a hexapod system (top-right),108 a robotic arm (bottom-left),111 and a pulley system (bottom-right).97 . Examples of a six-axis spine testing machines using a dual axis actuator, an active XY platform, and a gimbal (top-left),95 a hexapod system (top-right),108 a robotic arm (bottom-left),111 and a pulley system (bottom-right).97 Timothy P. Holsgrove et al. Int J Spine Surg 2015;9:34 Copyright © 2015 ISASS - This manuscript is generously published free of charge by ISASS, the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery