Eugene Braunwald JCHF 2013;1:1-20

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Eugene Braunwald JCHF 2013;1:1-20 Calcium Fluxes in the Myocardium Calcium ions (Ca2+) enter the cell through L-type Ca2+ channels (L), which triggers the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to initiate contraction. Ca2+ leaves the myocyte via the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. RyR = ryanodine receptors (Ca2+ release channels); SERCA = sarcoplasmic reticular adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-driven pump, which returns Ca2+ to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Eugene Braunwald JCHF 2013;1:1-20 American College of Cardiology Foundation