Strategies for Optimizing Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Prognosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus  James H. O'Keefe, MD, Mohammad Abuannadi,

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Strategies for Optimizing Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Prognosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus  James H. O'Keefe, MD, Mohammad Abuannadi, MD, Carl J. Lavie, MD, David S.H. Bell, MD  Mayo Clinic Proceedings  Volume 86, Issue 2, Pages 128-138 (February 2011) DOI: 10.4065/mcp.2010.0434 Copyright © 2011 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 1 Age-adjusted relative risks for cardiovascular events by glycated hemoglobin category from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk study.3 Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2011 86, 128-138DOI: (10.4065/mcp.2010.0434) Copyright © 2011 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 2 Kaplan-Meier plot for any type 2 diabetes–related death with metformin and conventional therapy in the UK Prospective Diabetes Study. Adapted from Lancet,7 with permission from Elsevier. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2011 86, 128-138DOI: (10.4065/mcp.2010.0434) Copyright © 2011 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 3 Postchallenge glucose and coronary atherosclerosis progression. Only women with postchallenge glucose values of less than 87 mg/dL (to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555) had regression in coronary atherosclerosis. From J Am Coll Cardiol,28 with permission from Elsevier. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2011 86, 128-138DOI: (10.4065/mcp.2010.0434) Copyright © 2011 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 4 Cardiovascular (CV) events in STOP-NIDDM (STOP Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus). Probability of remaining free of CV disease (chronic heart disease, CV death, heart failure, cerebrovascular event, and peripheral vascular disease) from STOP-NIDDM. From JAMA,34 with permission. Copyright © 2003 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2011 86, 128-138DOI: (10.4065/mcp.2010.0434) Copyright © 2011 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 5 Main secondary end point of Prospective Pioglitazone Clinical Trial In Macrovascular Events. Kaplan-Meier plot of time to death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or stroke. CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio. From Lancet,58 with permission from Elsevier. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2011 86, 128-138DOI: (10.4065/mcp.2010.0434) Copyright © 2011 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

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