Gender Responsive Treatment MODULE 1

WHAT CAUSES ADDICTION? WHAT CAUSES ADDICTION? Addiction is a combination of factors that may operate cooperatively or in tandem. Genetic/Family of Origin Factors Evidence of an inherited genetic predisposition Tolerance and Pharmacological Factors Including legal and illegal substances Social/Peer Factors Use most often begins and is sustained in a social context Self-medication of an untreated mental disorder

SUBSTANCE USE, ABUSE AND DEPENDENCY Psychoactive = active in the brain Why is it that many may try psychoactive drugs and not become addicted? USE - to - ABUSE - to - DEPENDENCY Tolerance can occur at a physical or psychological level (or both). Physical Dependence = Detoxification Psychological Dependence = Counseling

DRUGS OF ABUSE Narcotics are primarily used a pain killers. Depressants are primarily used sedative or hypnotic effects (includes alcohol). Stimulants: ADD, Weight Loss, Narcolepsy, “stay awake” aid. Hallucinogens provide no medical usefulness. (Includes cannabis with some medical applications of THC synthesis).

A BRIEF HISTORY OF WOMEN AND TREATMENT Until the 1970s--women substance abusers were considered deviant and more sick than male counterparts. 1978--Public Law 94-371 mandates specialized treatment programs for women. After 1990, women’s drinking habits and rates of alcohol and drug abuse began moving toward men’s. Difference is now minimal. CSAT TIP 51(2013)- Consolidated specific guidelines for Women Specifi Treatment Issues

TRADITIONAL TREATMENT DESIGNED PRIMARILY FOR MEN CAN: Avoid guilt and shame issues Avoid loss, trauma, and domestic violence issues Avoid sexuality and psychiatric issues Confront rather than nurture Require separation from children and partners Overlook women’s health needs Discourage use of medications

WHY WOMEN’S TREATMENT Research suggests that programs that provide coordinated, comprehensive, and family centered care are better at: attracting substance-abusing women into treatment providing more effective treatment