Glimpses of Indian Architecture By S. Kannan, Asst. Prof. of History, Annamalai University Sanchi Stupa, Maurya and Satavahana, 3 rd to 2 nd c. B.C.Dasavatara Temple, Deogarh, 5 th to 6 th c. A.D. Quwwat- ul- Islam mosque and Qutb Minar, Delhi, 12 th c. A.D.Viceroy’s House (Raj Bhavan), Kolkata, 19 th c. A.D.

Periodisation of Indian Architecture Period Civilisations/ Major Dynasties Type of Monuments Architecture of the Proto- Historic Period (2750 BC to 600 BC) Indus Valley Civilisation and Vedic Civilisation Brick- built Secular and Religious Monuments Architecture of the Early Historic Period (300 BC to 400 AD) Mauryas, Satavahanas, Sungas, Ikshvakus Rock- cut Caves, Stone- built Stambhas and Stupas (Buddhist and Jaina) Architecture of the Early Medieval Period (400 AD to 600 AD) Guptas, Vakatakas Rock- cut caves and Structural Temples (Buddhist and Brahmanical) Architecture of the Medieval Period (600 AD to 1200 AD) Chalukyas, Pallavas, Pandyas, Rastrakutas, Cholas, Shailodbhavas, Eastern Gangas, Chandellas Rock- cut Caves, Monolithic and Structural Temples (Buddhist, Jaina and Brahmanical) Architecture of the Late Medieval Period (1200 AD to 1750 AD) Delhi Sultanate, Mughals, Bahmini Sultanate, Vijayanagar- Nayaks Mosques or Masjids, Tombs, Madrasas, Mahals, Forts, Structural Temples (Islamic and Brahmanical) Architecture of the Modern Period (1750 AD to 1947 AD) Europeans and Princely States Secular and Religious Buildings (Christian and Brahmanical)

Mauryan Rock- cut Caves Lomas- Rishi Cave, Maurya, 3rd c. BCInterior of Lomas- Rishi Cave, Maurya, 3rd c. BC Sudama Cave, Maurya, 3rd c. BC Sita Marhi Cave, Maurya, 3rd c. BC

Mauryan Stambhas (Pillars) Lauriya Nandangarh Lion Capital Basarh Bakhira Lion CapitalRampurva Bull Capital Sankisa Elephant Capital Sarnath Lion Capital

Stupas of the Mauryas, Sungas and the Satavahanas Sanchi Stupa, Maurya and Sunga, 3 rd c. BC- 2 nd c. BC Architectural Details of Sanchi Stupa Drawing of Barhut Stupa, Sunga, 2 nd c. BCDrawing of Amaravati Stupa, Satavahana, 2 nd c. BC

Ajanta Rock- cut Caves Aerial View of Ajanta Rock- cut Caves Panoramic View of Ajanta Rock- cut Caves

Ajanta Rock- cut Cave no. 9 Ajanta Rock- cut Cave nos.9 & 10 (Satavahana) Interior of Ajanta Rock- cut Cave no. 9 Ajanta Rock- cut Cave no. 10

Rock- cut Caves at Karli, Bhaja & Bedsa (Satavahana) Bhaja Rock- cut Cave, 2 nd c. AD Karli Rock- cut Cave no. 1, circa 100 ADInterior of Karli Rock- cut Cave no.1 Bedsa Rock- cut Cave, 2 nd c. AD

Ajanta Rock- cut Cave no. 19, 5 th c. AD Ajanta Rock- cut Cave nos.19 & 26 (Vakataka) Ajanta Rock- cut Cave no. 26, 5 th c.AD Buddha, Ajanta Rock- cut Cave no. 19, 5 th c. AD

Gupta Brahmanical Rock- cut Caves Panoramic View of Udayagiri Caves, 4 th c. AD Varaha Avatar, Udayagiri Cave, 4 th c. AD

Ajanta Rock- cut Cave no. 19, 5 th c. AD Gupta Brahmanical Structural Temples Ajanta Rock- cut Cave no. 26, 5 th c.AD Gupta Temple no.17, Sanchi, 5 th c. ADParvati Temple, Nachna Kuthara, Sanchi, 5 th c. AD Dasavatar Temple, Deogarh, 5 th c. ADGupta Brick Temple, Bhitargaon, 6 th c. AD

Gupta Temple no.17, Sanchi, 5 th c. AD Badami Rock- cut Cave no. 1, 6 th c. AD Badami Rock- cut Cave no. 2, 6 th c. AD Badami Rock- cut Cave no. 3, 6 th c. AD Panoramic View of Badami Sand Stone Rock- cut Caves Badami Rock- cut Caves (Early Western Chalukyas)

Badami Rock- cut Cave no.3 (Early Western Chalukyas) Vishnu as Adinatha, Badami Rock- cut Cave no. 3, 6 th c. AD

Ravana Phadi Rock- cut Cave, Aihole, 6 th c.AD Aihole Rock- cut Cave (Early Western Chalukyas) Dancing Shiva, Ravana Phadi Rock- cut Cave Mahisasuramardhini, Ravana Phadi Rock- cut CaveVaraha, Ravana Phadi Rock- cut Cave

Structural Temples of the Early Western Chalukyas Kontigudi Group of Structural Temples,7 th c. AD

Structural Temples of the Early Western Chalukyas Durga Temple, Aihole, 7 th c. AD Lad Khan Temple, Aihole, 7 th c. AD

Structural Temples of the Early Western Chalukyas Papanatha Temple, Pattadakal, 7 th c.ADSangamesvara Temple, Pattadakal, 7 th c.AD Virupaksa Temple, Pattadakal, 7 th c.AD Mallikarjuna and Kasivisvesvara Temple, Pattadakal, 7 th c.AD

Monolithic Temple of the Rashtrakutas Papanatha Temple, Pattadakal, 7 th c.AD Entrance Mandapa, Kailasanatha Temple Kailasanatha Temple, Ellora, Rashtrakuta, 8 th c.AD Monolithic Pillar, Kailasanatha Temple

Structural Temples of the Shailodbhavas, Somavanshi and the Eastern Gangas (Orissa) Parasuramesvara Temple, Bhuvaneshvar, Shailodbhavas 8 th c.AD Sun Temple, Konark, Eastern Gangas, c.1250 AD Muktesvara Temple, Bhuvaneshvar, Somavanshi, 10 th c.AD Lingaraja Temple, Bhuvaneshvar, Somavanshi, 10 th c.AD

Structural Temples of the Chandellas (Central India) Kandariya Mahadeva Temple (left) and Devi Jagadambi Temple (right), Khajuraho, Chandellas, 11 th c. AD

Structural Temples of the Chandellas (Central India) Architectural Details of Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, Khajuraho, Chandellas, 11 th c. AD

Structural Temples of the Later Western Chalukyas Papanatha Temple, Pattadakal, 7 th c.AD Kasivisvesvara Temple, Lakkundi, Later Western Chalukyas, 11 th c.AD

Structural Temples of the Later Western Chalukyas Pillar in Mandapa Mallikarjuna Temple, Kuruvatti, 12 th c.AD Yali Balustrade on a Porch Ornate Shrine Entrance (door jamb) Wall Relief

Structural Temples of the Hoysalas Chenna Kesava Temple, Belur, Hoysala, 12 th c.AD Kesava Temple, Somnathpur, 13 th c.AD

Structural Temples of the Hoysalas Decorated Pillars in Mandapa, Halebid Exterior Carvings, Hoysalesvara Temple, Halebid Wall Relief Hoysalesvara Temple, Halebid, Hoysala, 12 th c.AD

Structural Temples of the Vijayanagar Mandapa, Vitthala Temple, Hampi, Vijayanagara, 16 th c.AD Garuda Shrine, Vitthala Temple, HampiInterior of Mandapa, Vitthala Temple, Hampi

Structural Temples of the Vijayanagar Hazara Rama Temple, Hampi, Vijayanagara, 16 th c.AD Virupaksha Temple, Hampi, Vijayanagara, 16 th c.AD

Mosques, Minarates and Gateways of the Delhi Sultanate Quwwat- ul –Islam Mosque, Delhi, 12 th c.ADCorridor of Quwwat- ul –Islam Mosque Qutb Minar, Delhi, 12 th c.AD Alai Dharwaza, Delhi, 14 th c.AD Quranic Verses on the Walls of Qutb Minar

Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi, 16 th c.ADAerial view of Fathepur Sikri fort, 16 th c.AD Tombs, Forts, Cities and Gateways of the Mughals (Akbar and Jahangir) Buland Darwaza, Fathepur Sikri, 16 th c.AD Akbar’s Tomb, Sikandara, 17 th c.AD

Aerial View of Taj Mahal Complex, Agra, 17 th c.AD Tombs, Mosques, Forts, Cities and Gateways of the Mughals (Shah Jahan) Buland Darwaza, Fathepur Sikri, 16 th c.AD Akbar’s Tomb, Sikandara, 17 th c.AD Taj Mahal, Agra, 17 th c.AD Red Fort (Lahore Gate), Delhi, 17 th c.ADJama Masjid, Delhi, 17 th c.AD

Mosques and Tombs of the Mughals (Aurangzeb) Tomb of Rabia Daurani, Aurangabad, 17 th c.AD Moti Masjid or Pearl Mosque, Red Fort, Delhi, 17 th c.AD

Thank You Polychrome Terracotta Figure of Bull, Indus Valley Civilisation, circa 2750 BC