Open Access and The Role of HEI’s By Haleluya Kiflu Haleluyaluya@gmail.com (+251)910881653 HKA

Outline What is Open Access Open Access, Open Data and Open Science Why Open Access is important Traditional VS open Access Publishing Who pays for open Access Open Access Policy Role of HEI’s HKA

Motivation Ink on paper … To digital Text Isolated computers … To Global connected networks Much of the information needed to do research is available on our own personal computers Objective: show Usefulness HKA

Open Data Data that is openly available (on the Internet). data should be freely available to everyone to use and republish as they wish, without restrictions from copyright, patents or other mechanisms of control By making [data] open...people can analyze, compare, and benchmark it, and find patterns that you did not realize.“ Open data Is different with public data which is in document format Open data Is different with open source which is the software license of applications, a piece of software licensed under an OSI-approved license http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-18762014000300006  HKA

What is Open Access (OA) “Open Access means making peer reviewed scholarly manuscripts freely available via the Internet, permitting any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full text of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any lawful purpose, without financial, legal or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself”. Journal Articles, Books, Chapters, Monographs, Data Etc. Digital: Texts, Data, Images, Audio, Video, Multimedia, And Executable Code. OA literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. Open access is more than just free access Note: “open access” was coined by researchers trying to remove access barriers to research. (Price, Copyright) SOM Dec 17, 2013 peter suber MIT Press http://blogs.egu.eu/network/palaeoblog/files/2015/02/OpenGlossary1.pdf HKA

Open Science “The conduction of science in a way that others can collaborate and contribute, where research data, lab notes and other research processes are freely available, with terms that allow reuse, redistribution and reproduction of the research” https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/foster-taxonomy/open-science-definitio “Open Science” is defined in terms of four goals: Transparency in experimental methodology, observation, and collection of data. Public availability and reusability of scientific data. Public accessibility and transparency of scientific communication. Using web-based tools to facilitate scientific collaboration. HKA http://www.openscience.org/blog/

Why is Open Access needed? Access – low or removed price Immediacy – quicker availability Stimulating effects – inter and multi disciplinary Impact and citation – shorter time impact citation Search Option - location and sharing HKA http://enago.com//academy/amp/benefits-of-open-access-publication

Traditional VS Open Access Publishing Visibility The more accessible the more people will see your article Your data will be available to educators and the general public Cost Both traditional & OA journals may charge a small fee at the time of submission to cover editorial & peer review-related costs. The difference arises in the post-acceptance fees. Traditional request per page Publication fees, and high subscriptions Prestige On “brand-name” journals - can increase their chances of being promoted, gaining tenure, and obtaining funding for grant proposals. Citation and journal impact factor Speed The time from acceptance to publication is significantly shorter for OA journals compared with traditional journals https://www.aje.com/en/arc/Making-the-Choice:Open-Access-vs.-Traditional-Journals HKA

Three types of OA ‘Gold’ Open Access – ‘Green’ Open Access – publish in an open access journal, or scholarly journal that provides free online access to the full content of the journal ‘Green’ Open Access – a subject-based repository or an institutional repository ‘Hybrid’ Open Access – article processing charge is paid for an individual journal article to be made open access in an otherwise subscription journal “Bronze” and “Black” Open Access “bronze” open access (a freely available journal article with no license) and “black” open access – illegal open access. HKA https://peerj.com/articles/4375/

Who pays for Open Access Publisher Pay Model Advertising Society memberships Reader Pay Model Journal subscriptions Per article fee Author Pay Model Submission fee Publication fee HKA

Potential Barriers seen: Some of the challenges to implement various Open Access and related projects in Ethiopia: Low internet bandwidth which affects remote input to the collection as well as public access from local workstations; Finance to acquire heavy duty scanners for creating digital copies of the print collection and strong capacity servers for storage and accessibility; Lack of clear institutional and national policy on Open Access (open scholarship). Global Open Access Portal http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/portals-and-platforms/goap/access-by-region/africa/ethiopia/ HKA

Open Access Publications Policy Framework Responsibilities of the University Responsibilities of Libraries Responsibilities of Researchers Responsibilities of Users HKA

Responsibilities of Libraries? Users expect “University librarians to promote and enhance the accessibility of open access journals in their respective university libraries” Yared 2013 Stages on developing Digital Repository Producing the data - any kind of data Storing the data - where they are accessible and quickly - keeping what is necessary Management of data Reuse Yared Mamo, January 2013- Academics' use and attitude towards open access in selected higher learning institutions of Ethiopia. Haremaya University HKA

Why People go to library? HKA

Why Open Access for Librarians HKA

Responsibilities of Libraries? The Librarians should always update e-information resources as per the state-of-the art. Libraries should create awareness among users academic staffs, researchers, students and to whole staff of HEI’s of Ethiopia Use of the library resources in general and e-resources in particular library should take the initiative in informing the availability of e-information resources in different campuses of the university Training needed both to instructions and students – to have greater impact on academic environment. Green Open Access https://www.openaccess.cam.ac.uk/policies/cambridge-open-access-policy-framework HKA

Responsibilities of Libraries? Assist researchers in depositing their publications into the institutional repository in a timely fashion Preservation of publications in the repository and maintain the repository accordingly Facilitate the ‘request a copy’ feature in the repository for papers that cannot be made freely available due to copyright or other restrictions. Green Open Access https://www.openaccess.cam.ac.uk/policies/cambridge-open-access-policy-framework HKA

Responsibilities of the University? HKA

Responsibilities of Researchers? HKA

Responsibilities of Users? HKA

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