Crises in the Late Medieval Church

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Crises in the Late Medieval Church Kagan Text : pages 302-310 Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY Edited by Mrs. Browne

Decline in the Medieval Church Political & Spiritual Poverty Spiritual Authority Temporal Authority Political & Spiritual Poverty Taxing the clergy [clericis laicos] - 1296 Royal courts vs. Church courts Papal Bull [Unam Sanctam] - 1302 Marsilius of Padus [Defensor Pacis] - 1324

Specific Crises New Heresies. Schism. Lay Reform. Conciliarism.

Decline in the Medieval Church Theological Differences Official Church Beliefs Heresies Theological Differences John Wycliffe Lollards Criticized mass, excommunication, and monasticism Wanted vernacular versions of the Bible John Huss In Bohemia (HRE) Wanted laity access to bread & wine Wanted recognition of laity worth

The Hussite Wars [1420-1436]

Decline in the Medieval Church Popes Church Councils [Conciliarism] Internal Church Power Innocent III Height of the papacy but lack of concern over original Christian teaching Boniface VIII Gets caught in tension of 100 Years War Tries to reassert church>kings The Avignon Papacy [1309-1377] Pisa (1409) Tried to resolve schism Elected a 3rd pope! Constance (1414-1418) Got all the other popes to resign and elected Martin V Basel (1433) Few attended; council movement lost momentum

The Great Schism: 1378-1417

The Avignon Papal Complex

Decline in the Medieval Church FAITH [Scholasticism] REASON [Roger Bacon & William of Ockham] Intellectual Inquiry Ockham: Believed church power derived from the faithful which included laity & clergy Peter Abelard [Sic et Non] Thomas Aquinas [Summa Theologica]

Decline in the Medieval Church Church Corruption Individual Piety Religious Devotion Inquisition Rich Monasteries Benefices Indulgences Lay Devotions Increased desire to educate all in Christian belief

Effects of the Church’s Decline Political: Nobility & Monarchy will continue to centralize power over areas previously controlled by the church (education, festivals, …) Social: People will continue to question, continue to demand reform in church doctrine, increased tension between being a faithful person & being a part of growing nationalism Religious: The “seeds” of the Protestant Reformation are planted Economic: The Church will continue as a patron of the arts but the era of great cathedrals will end Intellectual: New studies of church documents will arise, new translations of the Bible will increase questioning of church authority