Computer Organization and Architecture William Stallings 8th Edition Chapter 1 Lecture 02 Faheem ahmed Lecturer, CNET Dept., Jazan University, Jazan KSA

Objectives of todays lecture In this chapter we will learn about structure and function of computer and possibly nature and characteristics of computer. At the end of this chapter you be able to understand: What is computer? What is organization and architecture of computer? Structure and function of computer Understand inside of CPU, ALU, REGISTERS.

Computer Computer: A computer is a device that accepts Information (in the form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed. Complex computers also include the means for storing data (including the program, which is also a form of data) for some necessary duration.

Architecture & Organization Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. Computer architecture is defined as the internal arrangements of a computer, which includes the design of the processor, memory and input / output circuits. Organization is how features are implemented. It is the operational unit and their interconnection that realize the architectural specification. Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.

Structure & Function Structure is the way in which components relate to each other, that means how they are connected to each other, how they are dependent on each other… etc etc. Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure.

Function All computer functions are: Functional view Data processing Data storage Data movement Control Functional view

Operations (a) Data movement The computer must be able to move data between itself and the outside world. The computer’s operating environment consists of devices that serve as either sources or destinations of data. simply transferring data from one peripheral or communications line to another.

Operations (b) Storage data transferred from the external environ- ment to computer storage (read) and vice versa (write).

Operation (c) Processing from/to storage The final two diagrams show operations involving data processing, on data either in storage or en route between storage and the external environment (Figure 1.2d).

Operation (d) Processing from storage to I/O

Structure The Computer CPU Main memory I/O System interconnection Controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions. Main memory Stores data I/O Moves data between the computer and its external environment System interconnection Provides for communication among CPU, main memory, and I/O

Structure - Top Level Computer Peripherals Central Main Processing Unit Main Memory Computer Systems Interconnection Input Output Communication lines

Structure - The CPU CPU Arithmetic Computer and Registers Login Unit I/O System Bus CPU Internal CPU Interconnection Memory Control Unit

Structure - The Control Unit CPU Sequencing Login ALU Control Unit Internal Bus Control Unit Registers and Decoders Registers Control Memory

Complete structure

Outline of the Book (1) Computer Evolution and Performance Computer Interconnection Structures Internal Memory External Memory Input/Output Operating Systems Support Computer Arithmetic Instruction Sets

Outline of the Book (2) CPU Structure and Function Reduced Instruction Set Computers Superscalar Processors Control Unit Operation Microprogrammed Control Multiprocessors and Vector Processing Digital Logic (Appendix)

Internet Resources - Web site for book http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA7e.html links to sites of interest links to sites for courses that use the book errata list for book information on other books by W. Stallings http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html Math How-to Research resources Misc

Internet Resources - Web sites to look for WWW Computer Architecture Home Page CPU Info Center Processor Emporium ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture IEEE Technical Committee on Computer Architecture Intel Technology Journal Manufacturer’s sites Intel, IBM, etc.

Internet Resources - Usenet News Groups comp.arch comp.arch.arithmetic comp.arch.storage comp.parallel

Video lectures https://youtu.be/K_21dNxKC4o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9sbLbYHoOA https://youtu.be/UX64uR63jys https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDxyrEvKPa4&feature=youtu.be&list=PL6tk8xkG6ZQfFjCZhFFuGHpKqfxHAy8sw

Thank you!!! Chapter 1 Ends!!!