The brain & Spinal Cord.

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The brain & Spinal Cord

Spinal Cord Function: conducting nerve impulses, center for spinal reflexes CNS

Nerve Pathways Reflex arc – simple pathway, includes only a few neurons Two-neuron arc (just spinal cord & motor neurons) Three-neuron arc (sensory, interneurons, and motor) Reflex behavior – automatic, subconscious responses to stimulus Withdrawal reflex – occurs when you touch something painful Knee-jerk reflex – maintains uprightness

Divisions of the Brain Cerebrum Diencephalon Cerebellum Brain stem

Cerebrum Wrinkly, large part of the brain Responsible for higher mental function

Cerebral hemispheres Left and right sides connected by the corpus callosum

Fissures Separate the lobes of the brain

Longitudinal fissure Separates left and right cerebral hemispheres http://testyourself.psychtests.com/testid/3178 Separates left and right cerebral hemispheres

Lobes of the brain Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital Insula

Frontal lobe Higher intellectual functioning Personality Concentration Decision making Planning Personality Verbal communication Voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles

Parietal lobe Formulating words to express thoughts/emotions Sensory interpretation of textures (touch) Pain

Temporal lobe Interpretation of hearing (auditory) sensations Interpretation of smelling (olfactory) sensations Understanding speech

Occipital lobe Interpretation of visual stimuli

Insula Interpretation of taste Memory

Lateral fissure Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

Cerebral cortex Thin layer of gray matter that is the outermost portion of cerebrum (the part with all the wrinkles)

Convolutions of the brain All the wrinkles and grooves of the cerebrum Fissures = deep grooves Sulcus = shallow groove Gyrus = bump

Central sulcus Separates the frontal and parietal lobes Precentral gyrus (frontal lobe) – primary motor cortex Postcentral gyrus (parietal lobe) – primary somatosensory cortex

p. 498-499 Lobes of the brain and their functional areas Primary motor cortex Primary somatosensory cortex Primary auditory cortex Primary visual cortex Somatosensory association area Auditory association area Visual association area Broca’s area Wernicke area

Transverse fissure Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

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