General Pathology – Seminar 2

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Cellular Adaptations in Disease

Advertisements

Apoptosis By Dr Abiodun Mark .A.

Chapter 2 Cellular Responses to Stress, Injury, and Aging

Cell Injury and Cell Death

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Chapter 2 Mechanisms of Disease.

Chapter 2 1. Causes of Disease  Hereditary  Trauma  Inflammation/Infection  Hyperplasias/Neoplasms  Nutritional Imbalance  Impaired Immunity 2.

Week 2 Cell Injury and Cell Death Dr.İ.Taci Cangül Bursa-2008.

Cell Death Dr. Raid Jastania. Case During your clinical year rotation, you work with the transplant team. You see this lady who had kidney transplant.

Detection of Cellular Changes After Injury By: Light microscopy or gross examination  detect changes hours to days after injury Histochemical or ultrastructural.

Mechanisms of Apoptosis/Review Ribozyme Inhibition of Bcl-2 Expression/Summary Sandra A. Gibson Hudson Ph.D.

What is its role in age-related disease?

Cell injury, adaptation and cell death (2). Causes of cell injury Hypoxia (oxygen deprivation) Occurs due to Loss of blood supply - Ischaemia Inadequate.

Lecture Title: Cell injury

Cell Injury Dr. Peter Anderson, UAB Pathology.

Necrosis and apoptosis

General Pathology - II Cell Death Jaroslava Dušková Inst. Pathol.,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ. Prague

Cell injury-1.  Cells are constantly exposed to a variety of stresses.  At first cells try to adapt themselves to overcome this stressful condition,

General Pathology – Seminar 2 Necrosis Atrophy - causes Jaroslava Dušková Inst. Pathol.,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ. Prague

APOPTOSIS Pathway of cell death in which cells activate enzymes that degrade the cells’ own nuclear DNA and nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins.

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Mechanisms of Disease Part 2 Aging and Death. Aging Retirement age of 65 considered aging Actually aging begins when puberty ends around age 18 Degenerative.

APOPTOSIS Dr Sarah Meachem. Intentions of this talk Define apoptosisDefine apoptosis terminology, methods to detect Define necrosisDefine necrosisterminology.

Necrosis Apoptosis. Different Types of Cell Death TermDefinition Necrosis Antemortem pathologic cell death Apoptosis Antemortem programmed cell death.

Apoptosis is the death of cells that occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development.

Irreversible cell injury Dr Heyam Awad FRCPath. Irreversible injury Necrosis Apoptosis.

Post Mortem Changes Jaroslava Dušková Inst. Pathol.,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ., Prague General Pathology – Seminary.

1- Introduction of Pathology

Robbins’ Basic Pathology th Ed. Histology of Chronic Inflammation.

Apoptosis Programmed cell death. OBJECTIVES DEFINITION, PHYSIOLOGIC AND PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS. DESCRIBE THE MORPHOLOGY AND DISCUSS THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS.

CELL DEATH. Swelling, denaturation and coagulationSwelling, denaturation and coagulation of proteins Breakdown of cellular organellesBreakdown of cellular.

1 Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology Chapter 2. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 2 Cellular Adaptation  Physiologic vs. pathogenic.

Heart Failure Manifestations & Causes

 Definition ◦ It is combination of two Latin words ◦ Pathos meaning disease ◦ Logos meaning study Pathology is a branch of medicine that deals with the.

- hemodynamic disorders - cellular adaptations

Cell. Learning objectives To know about Apoptosis To know about Cancer.

Cells Tissues Organs Systems Organism ADAPTATIONS Change in size Change in number of cells Change into another type of cell.

DR. HANA OMER.  Causes and principals of cell injury.  Mechanisms of cell injury  Definition and causes of HYPERPLASIA, HYPERTROPHY, ATROPHY, METAPLASIA,

General Pathology Basic Principles of Cellular and Organ Pathology Oncology - I Jaroslava Dušková Inst. Pathol.,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ. Prague.

CELL ADAPTATIONS CELL INJURY CELL DEATH DR.SAMINA QAMAR AP PATHOLOGY.

Cellular Injury and Adaptation. Pathology -Morphology : gross and microscopic changes of cell and tissue -Use ancillary techniques as : Histochemical,immunohistochemical,

INTRODUCTION TO PATHOLOGY The study of -structural -biochemical & -functional changes in cells, tissues and organs that underlie the disease. By using.

Cell death vs Cell life. Characteristic morphologic features of apoptosis Extr signal Intr signal nucleus DNA fragmentation (formation of nucleosomal.

PATHOLOGY COURSE CODE : PHR 214 COURSE TEACHER : ZARA SHEIKH.

Introduction to Basic Pathology; Cellular Reaction to Injuries`

Adaptation, Injury and Death  Cells constantly alter their functional state to maintain homeostasis  But: 1) Excessive physiologic stresses; or 2)

APOPTOSIS and NECROSIS

Puria Rafsanjani Arvin Honari Pardis Taheri

Cell Injury, Adaptation, & Death

Cellular Injury, death and Responses to stress

2- Cell Death Apoptosis Necrosis.

Apoptosis Dr Shoaib Raza.

Cell Death Dr. Sadaf Mumtaz 19/12/11.

Cell injury Dr H Awad.

NECROSIS “Necrosis is the morphological changes that follow cell death in a living tissue or organ, Resulting from the progressive degenerative action.

Cellular responses to stress (Adaptations, injury and death) (4 of 5)

What is its role in age-related disease?

Chapter 2 Mechanisms of Disease 1.

Cell Injury I – Cell Injury and Cell Death

Cell death, Cancer cells and the Cell cycle

Gangrenous necrosis Surgical term,usually applied to a limb which has lost its blood supply resulting in coagulative necrosis. Superadded bacterial infection.

Overview of Cell Injury and Cell Death

What is its role in age-related disease?

Introduction to Pathophysiology and adaptation

LAB (1) Cell injuries & Adaptation

Cell Dr Mahvash Khan Learning objectives To know about Apoptosis To know about Cancer.

Cellular Injury and Responses to stress

WHAT IS THE COMMON CAUSE OF THIS LESION

Presentation transcript:

General Pathology – Seminar 2 Necrosis Atrophy - causes Jaroslava Dušková Inst. Pathol. ,1st Med. Faculty, Charles Univ. Prague http://www1.lf1.cuni.cz/~jdusk/

Death irreversible damage of the morphological & functional integrity of cells organism

Cell Death apoptosis necrosis

Apoptosis (cell execution / suicide) induced (from outside) or genetically programmed cell death (cell execution / suicide) logical and functional contrary to mitosis a system for the removal of unnecessary, aged, or damaged cells

Apoptosis -1 Triggered by a wide range of stimuli. Cell surface receptors like Fas or tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1). Interplay of proapoptotic (Bax, Bad, Bid, Bik, and Bim) and antiapoptotic (Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL) proteins

Apoptosis Morphology chromatin condensation cell shrinkage budding and forming of apoptotic bodies (emission of pseudopodia) karyorrhexis (not pathognomonic for apoptosis)

Apoptosis Meaning physiological process necessary for right organ formatting and life course pathological process leading to organism damage - e.g. atrophy

Apoptosis intestinal mucose, genit. tract, Ontogenesis immune system - T lymphocytes Regeneration of tissues and organs intestinal mucose, blood Physiological involution neonatal adrenal cortex, thymus, breast after lactation period Atrophy preassure, hyperplasia regression, slight ischemia

Necrosis cell death caused from external insult

Necrosis Biochemistry no expression of genes de novo energy dependent membrane systems damaged hypoxia, toxins changes in concentrations of ions increased water volume (oncosis) autolysis

Necrosis Morphology pyknosis, karyorhexis, karyolysis denaturation of proteins - eosinophilia cell swelling cell budding (cytoplasmic protrusions)

Necrosis Meaning pathological process leading to a temporary organism damage or death

Necrosis liquefaction coagulation Classification according to the tissue macroscopy: simple liquefaction coagulation + special types: caseation, Zenker´s of waxy appearance

Necrosis - further development: no death of organism gangrene sicca (dry g.) humida (wet g.) emphysematosa (gas g.) demarcation, sequestration regeneration repair

Necrosis - Causes: chemical physical biologic chlorinated hydrocarbons, heavy metal compounds, ethyl- alcohol, aphlatoxins, ... physical mechanical trauma, UV light, ionizing radiation, heat, cold, …. biologic bacteria, viruses, fungi...

Atrophy diminution of organ or tissue after full development has been attained (versus hypoplasia, aplasia) simple (x hypertrophy) numerical (x hyperplasia)

Atrophy - causes: vascular involution pressure senile inactivity inanition neurogenic ionizing radiation involution senile postinflammatory endocrine unknown cause

Atrophy - meaning: may be reversible loss of specialised structures & hypofunction clinically silent or unimportant (involution) clinically apparent metaplasia, increase of the supportive tissues - pseudohypertrophy