Native Americans of New York Study Guide

1. How did agriculture change the lives of Native Americans in New York? ANSWER: Agriculture changed the lives of Native Americans in New York because growing food allowed people to be less nomadic and stay in one place (villages).

2. Why are artifacts important? ANSWER: Artifacts are important because they tell us how Native Americans lived long ago.

3. (a) What are the names of the five tribes in the Iroquois language group? ANSWER: (a) The names of the five tribes in the Iroquois language group are Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca.

3. (b) What are the names of the four tribes in the Algonquian language group? ANSWER: (b) The names of the four Algonquian language group are Delaware, Wappinger, Montauk, and Mahican.

4. How did each tribe use natural resources to meet their basic needs? ANSWER: The Iroquois used natural resources to meet their basic needs. For food, they fished and hunted animals like deer and wild turkey, and gathered nuts and berries. They also farmed. They used parts of animals for tools and clothing. They used trees to build palisades, longhouses, and canoes. They used shells to make wampum beads.

4. How did each tribe use natural resources to meet their basic needs? ANSWER: The Algonquians used natural resources to meet their basic needs. For food, they hunted and fished, gathered maple syrup, berries, nuts, and plants. They used trees to build longhouses, wigwams, and canoes. They used deer skins for clothing. They used stones, branches, grasses, and bones to make spears, clubs, nets, and traps.

5. What are the similarities and differences in ways of life between the Iroquois and the Algonquians? ANSWER: The Iroquois and Algonquians were similar in many ways. They both used natural resources to meet basic needs. They both lived in longhouses and built canoes. They both lived in clans, used division of labor, and held many ceremonies.

5. What are the similarities and differences in ways of life between the Iroquois and the Algonquians? ANSWER: The Iroquois and Algonquians had some differences. The Iroquois were united, but the Algonquians were not. Algonquian villages were smaller than Iroquois villages. Algonquians also built wigwams as shelters. The Iroquois relied more on crops for food, while Algonquians relied more on hunting. Algonquians built birchbark canoes that were stronger and faster than the Iroquois’ spruce and elm canoes.

6. What are the jobs of the men, women, and children within a tribe? ANSWER: Within a tribe, men, women, and children had different jobs. Men made weapons like arrowheads and bows, made tools like traps and fishing nets, hunted and fished, cleared fields for crops, and gathered wood and bark for homes and canoes. Women raised children, planted, cared for, and picked crops, cooked and stored food, made clothing, baskets and clay pots. Children helped the men and women with their jobs.

7. How were Hiawatha and Deganawida important? What did they create? ANSWER: Hiawatha and Deganawida were important to the Iroquois because they convinced the tribes to join together and create the Iroquois League.

8. Why were corn, beans, and squash called the Three Sisters? ANSWER: Corns, beans, and squash were called the Three Sisters because they were all planted together in the same field.

9. What are three things the Native Americans teach the European settlers when they arrived? ANSWER: The Native Americans taught the European settlers to plant Native American crops, to hunt, and to use natural resources.