Figure 3. Effect of spironolactone or albumin conjugation on the vasoconstrictor action of aldosterone in afferent arterioles (left) and efferent arterioles (right). Figure 3. Effect of spironolactone or albumin conjugation on the vasoconstrictor action of aldosterone in afferent arterioles (left) and efferent arterioles (right). In either arteriole, vasoconstrictor action of aldosterone was not affected by pretreatment with 10−5 M spironolactone (solid circles) and was reproduced by membrane-impermeable albumin-conjugated aldosterone (solid squares), suggesting that the vasoconstrictor actions are nongenomic. *P < 0.01 compared with prealdosterone value. Shuji Arima et al. JASN 2003;14:2255-2263 ©2003 by American Society of Nephrology