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(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 Atomic Theory Early ideas about matter - Aristotle believed matter was made of different combinations of earth, air, fire, and water. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

Development of Atomic Theory I John Dalton (1766 - 1844) matter is made of small, hard spheres that are different for different elements the smallest particle of an element is called an atom (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 Atomic Theory II J. J. Thomson (1856 - 1940) atoms are made of smaller particles. He proposed the “raisin bun” model of the atom. A positively charged bun with negatively charged particles spread out in it like raisins. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 Atomic Theory III Ernest Rutherford (1871 - 1937) atom contained a tiny dense centre called a nucleus, and electrons moved around the nucleus. (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 Atomic Theory IV Niels Bohr (1885 - 1962) electrons surround the nucleus in specific “energy levels” or “shells.” (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 Inside the Atom An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element. All atoms are made up of three kinds of particles called subatomic particles. These particles are: electrons protons neutrons (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

Let’s move to the white board … (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 What does it mean? (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

Multiple Ionic Charges Common ion charge Other ion charge (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 Practice: What is the mass of Lithium? What is its atomic number? How many protons does Lithium have? How many neutrons does Lithium have? How many electrons does Lithium have? 5. What is the symbol for Chlorine? 6. What its mass? 7. How many protons does it have? 7. What element has 13 protons, 14 electrons and 13 neutrons? (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007