Emerging Management Issues in E-Government Janak Basnet Janak Dangi Msc ISE 3 rd Semester

E-Government : Concept E-Government or Electronic Government is the delivery of more convenient, customer-oriented and cost effective public services and sharing of information through electronic media. E-Government harnesses information and communication technologies to transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government. E-Governance is the development, deployment and enforcement of the policies, laws and regulations necessary to support the functioning of a Knowledge Society as well as of e- Government. 2

On a single glance 3

T IS NOTE E-Government : What it is not E-GOVERNMENT: WHAT IT IS NOT  It is not Computerizing the Existing Government Processes.  It is not digitizing the files and documents of the Government.  E-Government  Technology  E-Government = Government ( Change management and Transformation ) 4

Why E-government ? GOVERNMENT? “Everyone else is doing it, so its probably important and useful” “Its hype” “We don’t want to fall behind all others” “We think it will provide faster, more convenient government services” “We think it will reduce costs for individuals and businesses to deal with government” ”We think it will reduce costs for government (reduced data entry costs, lower error rates)” “We think it will improve democratic process” ”To reduce corruption and fight poverty” ”We need to reach out to a broader part of population” ”We think it’s a tool for transformation of public administration from bureaucracy to service provider” 5

Key points Performance management for e-government is a private sector tool in a public sector environment, and a rational tool in a politicized environment that must be customized if it is to work. Most e-government performance evaluations miss the key indicator: public value. Managers developing data policies for e-government must try to balance an uneasy tension between access, privacy, income and security. In developing policies on disability/accessibility, ergonomics, and Internet usage, e-government managers have to steer the line between external pressures and local priorities. 6

2 p’s Performance (the measurement of e- government-related performance); Policies (the organizational policies that e- government managers have to develop and promote); these are divided into policies on public data, and policies on other issues. 7

Performance Performance management is a component of public sector reform. It is a technique originating in the private sector that is now being promoted in the public sector. Performance management in the public sector follows a standard pattern of target setting, measurement, evaluation and control, as shown in Figure below. 8

Performance management in e-government 9

public–private hybrid recommendations Use of financial alternatives Use of Non financial rewards Use of group incentives Use punishment but with great care 10

Performance indicators 11

Policies on public data Public agencies operate in a sea of government laws, orders, policies and regulations. These external drivers pressurize agency e-government managers to develop and implement their own internal policies on a wide variety of issues. 12

Data policies must grapple with a fourway data conflict faced by public agencies, 13

Access Policies for Management of Data Records Government departments have been keeping their information in neat, numbered, Treasury-tagged paper files for centuries. Electronic Records Management (ERM) for E- government. 14

Access Policies for Freedom of Information In a bid to ensure access to data across the public sector (and beyond) some governments have introduced freedom of information (FOI) legislation. 15

Privacy Policies for Data Protection Data protection legislation chimes very much with information resource management principles, and it has been a significant driver behind centralized data management. It has pressurized public agencies to identify someone senior and central who will be responsible and accountable for the accessibility, confidentiality and accuracy of data held on e-government systems. 16

Security Policies for Protection of Data From Figure 6.4, we can see security may be in tension with goals of access and/or income. 17

Policies on other ISSUES disability/accessibility New technology offers ways to overcome some of the barriers faced by people with disabilities; including barriers of access to government data and government services. ergonomics Ergonomics can be defined as using knowledge of humans’ physical and psychological characteristics to design and implement technology, the arrangement of the work environment, and the organization of the job. Internet usage. public servants spend increasing amounts of their working lives online 18

Challenges Developing countries are behind in this race to provide e-government services to their citizens. This can be due to many reasons, such as;  lack of a good communication infrastructure,  low computer literacy,  limited access to the Internet and so on.  These issues have to be addressed before developing e- governments applications. Officials should be aware of the obstacles before starting the project, because, e- government project is a long and costly. 19

Policy Barrier Political will and Leadership Policy Strategies and Action plan Law and regulation Coordination and Collaboration Technological Barrier Connectivity and Infrastructure Content, Database and application Accessibility and Security Socio- Cultural and Financial Barrier Funding Issue Awareness and Education ICT Capacity and Expertise Implementation Barriers of e-Government Management issues/barriers in implementation BARRIERS OF E-GOVERNMENT 20

Issues Political Instability and Leadership Will Low Investment in the Development of Infrastructure Lack of ICT Human Resource and Brain Drain Lack of Laws Regarding to e-Government Geographical Disadvantages for Establishing Infrastructure Low literacy of People and Economic Condition Traditional Bureaucracy and Change Resistance Lack of co-ordination among governmental organizations. 21

Strengths Increase in service sector Affordable human resources for every level Liberalization in ICT sector Opportunities Untapped market in ICT Increasing ICT adaptation rate Second mover advantage Threats Political Instability Power outage Weaknesses Lack of infrastructure Poverty( low purchasing power) Limited financial resource Low literacy Lack of project continuation SWOT analysis of ICT in Nepal ANALYSIS OF ICT IN NEPAL 22

References : 23

Thank you 24