THEORIES OF MENTAL ILLNESS

TYPES OF THEORIES BIOLOGICAL – UNIVERSAL PROPERTIES COMMON TO EVERYONE PSYCHOLOGICAL – PART OF INDIVIDUAL BIOGRAPHY SOCIAL – EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT, CULTURE

THREE THEORIES CONCEPT OF MENTAL ILLNESS CAUSE OF MENTAL ILLNESS TREATMENT OF MENTAL ILLNESS STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

CONCEPT PSYCHOLOGICAL - M.I. PART OF INDIVIDUAL BIOGRAPHY BIOLOGICAL - M.I. IS DISCRETE GROUP OF SYMPTOMS THAT INDICATE DISEASE SOCIOLOGICAL - DISTRESS AS RESPONSE OF NORMAL PEOPLE

CAUSES PSYCHOLOGICAL - INTRA-INDIVIDUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGICAL - GENETIC AND NEUROCHEMICAL SOCIOLOGICAL - EXTERNAL STRESSORS, CONDITIONS, ROLES

TREATMENTS PSYCHOLOGICAL - CHANGE PERSONALITY BIOLOGICAL - CHANGE BRAIN SOCIOLOGICAL - CHANGE CIRCUMSTANCES

PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES

MANY TYPES PETERSON CHAPTER PSYCHODYNAMIC - PSYCHOANALYTIC FOCUS HERE

HISTORY AROSE AT BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY DOMINANT FOR MOST OF CENTURY STILL INFLUENTIAL BUT NOW BIOLOGICAL THEORY DOMINANT IN PSYCHIATRY COGNITIVE THEORY PROBABLY DOMINANT IN PSYCHOLOGY

SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939) BEFORE FREUD MENTAL ILLNESS = INSANITY BIOLOGICAL CAUSES HOSPITAL TREATMENT AFTER FREUD MENTAL ILLNESS BROAD PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES OUTPATIENT TREATMENT

CONCEPT

DYNAMIC CONCEPT MENTAL ILLNESS CONTINUOUS WITH NORMALITY SAME MECHANISMS UNDERLIE BOTH SYMPTOMS AS ASPECT OF TOTAL BIOGRAPHY

DIAGNOSES UNIMPORTANT DIFFERENT SYMPTOMS HAVE SAME UNDERLYING DYNAMIC

DEP ALC ABUSE

SAME SYMPTOMS HAVE DIFFERENT DYNAMIC

FRIGID DISTANT CLOSE

CONCLUDE MUST INTENSIVELY ANALYZE EACH INDIVIDUAL TO UNDERSTAND AND TREAT SYMPTOMS

CAUSES

CAUSES OF MENTAL ILLNESS ALL BEHAVIORS MOTIVATED MOTIVATIONS ARE UNCONSCIOUS UNCONSCIOUS ROOTED IN EARLY CHILDHOOD TRAUMAS (REAL OR PERCEIVED) ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT

CAUSES (CONT.) SYMPTOMS REPRESENT REGRESSIONS TO EARLIER STAGES - ORAL, ANAL, PHALLIC SEXUAL REPRESSIONS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT OEDIPUS COMPLEX - COMBINATION OF AGGRESSION AND SEXUALITY

INTRA-PSYCHIC CONFLICT ID – INSTINCTS ESPECIALLY AGGRESSION AND SEXUALITY SUPEREGO – MORALITY EGO – ATTEMPTS TO MEDIATE BETWEEN ID AND SUPEREGO

DEFENSE MECHANISMS UNCONSCIOUS - PROTECT VS. ANXIETY REPRESSION - MOST GENERAL PROJECTION - INTERNAL TO EXTERNAL INTROJECTION - EXTERNAL TO INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT - ONE EXTERNAL TO ANOTHER