The changing distribution of endothelin (ET)A and ETB subtypes with decreasing vessel diameter. a) ET-1 binding and b) distribution of ETA and ETB receptors.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The key pathways and classes of drugs that have been approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The key pathways and classes of drugs.
Advertisements

Physiological changes in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients which occur in response to pregnancy. Physiological changes in pulmonary arterial.
The effect of sequential addition of sildenafil to first-line epoprostenol on exercise capacity measured using 6-min walk distance (6MWD) in the PACES.
Flowchart showing the requirement for starting, documenting and evaluating the effect on quality of life (QoL) of interdisciplinary best supportive care.
Familial history of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasis (HHT) of the 29-yr-old patient (•) with HHT and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
The management options for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) target different pathogenic manifestations in different parts of the pulmonary.
Plexiform lesion from a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension demonstrating the exuberant proliferation of cells that comprise the lumen of the small.
Key pathways involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension: a) endothelin (ET) pathway; b) nitric oxide pathway; and c) prostacyclin.
Level of physical activity by Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage, BODE (body mass index, FEV1 for airflow obstruction, dyspnoea,
Treatment algorithm for managing chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), from the European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society.
Kaplan–Meier analysis of survival over 2 years of treatment with riociguat in the CHEST-2 study [54]. Kaplan–Meier analysis of survival over 2 years of.
Extent of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated ILD. A simple stratification that utilises pulmonary function.
The distribution of the extent of change in inspiratory capacity (IC) during exercise is shown in moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Representative diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) tracings at rest (a and b) and during maximum voluntary ventilation (c and d) in a healthy subject (a and.
Changes in operating lung volumes are shown as ventilation increases with exercise in a) age-matched normal subjects (n = 25) and b) chronic obstructive.
Schematic diagram of the potential psychophysiological mechanism of perception of breathlessness in obese adults with dyspnoea on exertion. 1: increased.
Association between cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on mortality. Association between.
Probability of death as a function of the number of months after randomisation in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial comparing medical therapy (––––)
Risk assessment and treat-to-target approach for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Risk assessment and treat-to-target approach for pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Difference of oxygen uptake efficiency (OUE; oxygen uptake (V′O2)/minute ventilation (V′E)) plateau between a typical pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
Prevalence of chronic bronchitis in relation to active smoking, stratified by age. □: nonsmokers; ▒: 1–10 cigarettes per day; ░: 11–20 cigarettes per day;
3-year survival of lung cancer patients in the general population and in those with a prior diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Evaluation of cognitive performance based on the ability to copy a simple drawing. Evaluation of cognitive performance based on the ability to copy a simple.
Profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance by country and antibiotic
Effect of intravenous furosemide in a pulmonary arterial hypertension patient admitted with overt right heart failure documented by echo-Doppler of the.
Schematic diagram of endothelin (ET)-1 release in the human cardiovascular system. Schematic diagram of endothelin (ET)-1 release in the human cardiovascular.
The projected numbers of tobacco-related deaths between 2000–2035 in millions for a) the world and b) medium- and low-income countries (top) and high-income.
Forest plot comparison of mucolytics versus placebo for the number of exacerbations per patient per month. Forest plot comparison of mucolytics versus.
Elastic staining of paraffin-embedded lung tissue.
Post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio in subjects aged >50 yrs. Post-bronchodilator forced expiratory.
Mean change from baseline in 6-min walking distance (6MWD) in the Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Soluble Guanylate Cyclase–Stimulator Trial.
Histological evidence for endothelin (ET)-1 induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in rat primary distal epithelial cells. a–c) Control, d–f) ET-1.
Proteinase activated receptor-1 expression in a) weak immunostaining in normal lung tissue, b) intense immunostaining in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,
Kaplan–Meier curves for the probability of a first adjudicated primary end-point event in the AMBITION trial, suggesting that the primary outcome events.
Survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension based on aetiology. •: congenital heart disease; ▪: collagen vascular disease; ▵: HIV-related;
Right ventricular (RV) pressure–volume loops at decreasing venous return in a patient with a) systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to the history of chronic cough/phlegm. Incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Proportion of patients in each World Health Organization functional class (WHO-FC) at the time of pulmonary arterial hypertension-associated systemic sclerosis.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension specific medication use at enrolment among previously diagnosed patients. 184 (7%) of patients were not on a prostaglandin,
Distribution of mutations in sporadic and familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and/or pulmonary capillary.
Exposure to intermittent hypoxia after 13 nights led to an increase in sympathetic activity measured by muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Exposure.
Typical example of posterior–anterior scans of the lungs after inhaling Technegas on day 1 (control; a) and after increasing doses of methacholine (b–d).
Survival of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients in World Health Organization functional class (FC) at baseline IV is extremely poor.
Laplace's law: T = (P×r)/2h.
A) Small pulmonary arteries within a fibrotic area (usual interstitial pneumonia lung). a) Small pulmonary arteries within a fibrotic area (usual interstitial.
A) Conventional pulmonary angiogram, with b) and c) corresponding optical coherence tomography images from a patient with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary.
Kaplan–Meier plots for a) clinical worsening and b) survival in the overall population during the Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Soluble.
Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) as a function of cardiac output (Q) at two different levels of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Mean pulmonary.
Effect of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) on SF-36-measured health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures versus the normal population and other.
Pathophysiological interactions between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sleep and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). Pathophysiological.
Cardiac index (CI) changes from baseline following single oral doses of riociguat (○) 1 mg and 2.5 mg compared with inhaled nitric oxide (•) in patients.
Distribution of systolic pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) in relation to functional class (FC) for congenital heart disease patients with a) atrial septal.
Evolutionary radiological phases of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis
Effect of omalizumab (n = 209) on a) clinically significant and b) severe exacerbation rates, compared with placebo (n = 210). #: adjustment due to a pre-study.
Effect of riociguat on a) right heart hypertrophy (assessed by the ratio of right ventricle weight to left ventricle and septum weight (RV/(LV+S)) and.
Correlation between inspiratory capacity (IC)/total lung capacity (TLC) ratio and oxygen pulse at peak exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Survival rates in older (>65 years) compared with younger (18–65 years) patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. a) Expected ( )
The European population from 1950 to 2050, with estimated population before 2006 (light background) and projected population (dark background). The European.
Effect of pulmonary arterial hypertension-specific treatment on systemic inflammation. a) Kaplan–Meyer survival curves for patients normalising their C-reactive.
A) Operating lung volumes and b) breathing frequency (Fb) during incremental cycle exercise in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
24-h blood pressure profile after a, d) one night of intermittent hypoxia (IH) exposure, b, e) 13 nights IH exposure and c, f) 5 days after cessation of.
Pulmonary artery pressure in a) healthy subjects and b) pulmonary hypertension (PH) subjects. Pulmonary artery pressure in a) healthy subjects and b) pulmonary.
A) Chest radiograph of a 37-year-old male mountaineer with high-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) showing a patchy to confluent distribution of oedema,
Mean change from baseline in percentage predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) in the a) phase III CAPACITY [27] and b) ASCEND [14] studies. #: n=174; ¶:
Baseline New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC) predicts survival in patients with pulmonary hypertension using infused epoprostenol therapy.
Flow–volume loops of test breaths and preceding control breaths of a representative chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient with different degrees.
Flow–volume loops of test breaths and preceding control breaths of three representative chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with different degrees.
Correlation between leg fluid volume (LFV) displacement measured by electrical impedance and apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) in non-obese obstructive sleep.
Cardiac index (CI) changes from baseline following single oral doses of riociguat (Rio) compared with inhaled nitric oxide (NO) in patients with chronic.
Effect of placebo (n=88) and bosentan (n=80) on the co-primary end-point pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in the EARLY (Endothelial Antagonist Trial.
Presentation transcript:

The changing distribution of endothelin (ET)A and ETB subtypes with decreasing vessel diameter. a) ET-1 binding and b) distribution of ETA and ETB receptors in pulmonary arteries from human subjects (n = 18) are shown. The changing distribution of endothelin (ET)A and ETB subtypes with decreasing vessel diameter. a) ET-1 binding and b) distribution of ETA and ETB receptors in pulmonary arteries from human subjects (n = 18) are shown. Distal arteries possessed more medial [(125)I]-ET-1 binding sites (105±10 versus 45±6 amol·mm−2; p<0.001) and a greater proportion of ETB receptors than proximal arteries (36±3 versus 3±1%; p<0.001). b) ▪: ETA; ░: ETB. ***: p<0.001 versus >8.0 mm external diameter; #: p<0.05 versus 1.0–4.0 mm external diameter; ¶: p<0.05 versus >8.0 mm external diameter. Reproduced and modified from [16] with permission from the publisher. J. Dupuis Eur Respir Rev 2007;16:3-7 ©2007 by European Respiratory Society