Bell Ringer QUESTION #135 QUESTION #136 QUESTION #137 QUESTION #138 Answer the following questions in the EOC Practice Packet in the back of your INB: QUESTION #135 QUESTION #136 QUESTION #137 QUESTION #138 QUESTION #139

Question 135 A heat shield material designed to act as an insulating barrier is now used to protect high-rise buildings from fires. Source: NASA This technology was originally developed primarily to— a. give rockets greater boost during takeoff b. protect the space shuttle on reentry c. provide astronauts with improved navigational equipment d. slow down space capsules as they landed in the ocean

Question 136 The launch of Sputnik I intensified Cold War tension and cause the— a. United States to increase spending on technology and weapons to compete with the Soviet Union b. Soviet Union to move missiles and warships to Cuba in order to threaten the United States c. United States to send troops and aid to East Berlin to free it from Soviet control d. Soviet Union to threaten Europe with nuclear attack if Soviet airspace were violated

Question 137 “Sputnik Launch Propels Soviets Ahead in Space Race.” In 1957, the United States government responded to the event described in this headline by— a. reducing military spending b. building a joint space station with the Soviet Union c. constructing President Ronald Regan’s “Star Wars” defense system d. providing funds to improve the educational system in the United States

Question 138 The main idea expressed in the cartoon involves the— a. relationship between consumer needs and military needs b. problems created by the development of nuclear weapons c. need for all people to be informed about world affairs d. problems associated with the shift from a wartime economy to a peacetime economy

Question 139 During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union were hesitant to become involved in direct military conflict mainly because— a. the threat of China to both nations b. pressure from nonaligned nations c. the potential for global nuclear destruction d. mutual dependence on Middle East petroleum

The Cold War at Home Essential Question: How did the Cold War impact the lives of Americans at home?

TEKS and Objectives We will… I will… (8B) describe how Cold War tensions were intensified by McCarthyism, the House Un-American Activities Committee, and the Venona Papers (17B) identify causes and effects of prosperity in the 1950s (27B) explain scientific discoveries and technological innovations Participate in a sock hop activity and correctly identify important people, events, and ideas from the 1950s

President Dwight D. Eisenhower Election of 1952 WWII made him an American hero and won him the election Richard Nixon served as VP Suffered a stroke while in office

Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy John Foster Dulles Eisenhower’s Secretary of State Devoted anti-communist Sought to contain the spread of communism Brinkmanship Dulles policy of pushing dangerous events to the brink of war “Teasing” the other side

Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy Eisenhower Doctrine An extension of the Containment Policy U.S troops would be sent to aid Middle Eastern nations fighting Communism

Communism in America Second Red Scare Fear of communism in American after WWII Similar to the Red Scare after WWI

Communism in America House Un-American Activities Committee Known as HUAC Investigated Americans with possible ties to communists Targeted Hollywood and the government Accused were fired from their jobs and “blacklisted” Americans encouraged to spy and inform on each other

Communism in America The Rosenberg Trials (1950) Julius and Ethel Rosenberg charged with spying for the Soviets Found guilty and executed Many thought they were innocent

Communism in America Venona Papers Secret effort by U.S. to gather and decode messages sent by Soviet military intelligence Made public in 1990s Revealed that Soviets had spies in American government and industries, including Julius Rosenberg

McCarthyism Senator Joseph McCarthy McCarthy Hearings Claimed that hundreds of communists infiltrated the U.S. government McCarthy Hearings “Witch Hunt” for communists that lasted for three years McCarthy never provided any real proof for his claims

Eisenhower’s Domestic Policy G.I. Bill Provided financial support and benefits for WWII veterans Money for college Unemployment benefits Low-cost mortgages and loans

Eisenhower’s Domestic Policy Interstate Highway Act (1956) Largest public works program in U.S. history Called for the construction of 40,000 miles of interstate highways i.e. I-35

Domestic Developments Economic Prosperity High demand for consumer goods (TV sets, cars, appliances) GDP doubled between 1945-1960 U.S. dominated world trade

Domestic Developments Baby Boom American birthrate exploded after WWII End of the war led to more couples getting married GI Bill encouraged growth of families Pop culture glorified pregnancy, parenthood, and large families

Domestic Developments Housing Boom Baby boom and G.I. Bill increased demand for housing Home ownership increased by 50%

Domestic Developments Suburbs Places outside of the cities where many white collar workers live Middle class families moved to suburbs in the 1950s because of the housing boom and the GI Bill Levittowns Low-cost, suburban housing developments in the U.S. and Puerto Rico

Domestic Developments Suburban Life Affordable housing Good schools Friendly, “like-minded” neighbors Urban Life Migration of middle class to the suburbs led to a decline in urban tax base Inner cities decayed

American Culture Technological Breakthroughs Medical Advances Commercial airlines Televisions, refrigerators, etc. Medical Advances Antibiotics to fight off infections New drugs to fight cancer, diabetes, and heart disease Vaccines to prevent diseases

American Culture Jonas Salk Automobile Developed a vaccine against polio Helped virtually eradicated the crippling disease Automobile Allowed people to move to suburbs Vacations, drive-in movies, fast food

American Culture Conformity People “too shy” to be different Women encouraged to be obedient housewives Unusual ideas regarded with suspicion

American Culture Rock-n-Roll White artists made music based on African-American rhythm and blues (Elvis, Buddy Holly) Teens rebelled against middle class, suburban values Desire to be unique