AMD Industry Day 18 September 2018 Replace picture with women with child running Progressive Peace Missions AMD Industry Day 18 September 2018 Kevin Wakeford

The Premise Demographic attributes of the continent in general: Population grows at 30 million per year. Median age: 16 years. 50% of graduates cannot find employment. Long term youth unemployment : 48%. The Third and Fourth Industrial Revolution reduce the need for labour even further. Stability must be maintained in the face of a rapidly growing, migrating and urbanising youth bulge. Therefore Africa’s economic development is of utmost importance. Investment is therefore required. Such investment requires “sufficient security” and therefore relates to peace missions. Are UN missions offering the best possible value in this context? Note: UN “missions” imply peacekeeping, humanitarian operations, disaster relief and developmental peacekeeping.

United Nations: Peace Missions and Humanitarian Interventions Actors and Interests United Nations: Peace Missions and Humanitarian Interventions Peace mission efficiency tend to suffer due to low reimbursability due to unserviceability of equiment due to poor maintenance. Defence and Related Industries The RSA DOD Armscor 1. Participates in peace missions. 2. Procure peace mission equipment through Armscor: SWATCH: Accommodation system. TEAMSTER: Feeding system. BLESBOK: Water purification. PANTILE: Earth moving equipment. PACKAGE. Electricity generation. 1. Must unlock value as an SOE for the government. 2. Is trying to improve the value of UN expenditure to the advantage of the UN, the continent, the RSA and the defence industry. Create solutions as per SANDF specifications, but miss UN tenders. Do not meet UN demand for services (but provide only products in stead).

Changes Required What is the utility of BLESBOK, SWATCH, A greater portion of peace mission expenditure must remain in the continent, WHILE still offering good value to the UN. Such expenditure should take place close to the mission area to stimulate entrepreneurship and local growth and improve human security over time. These entrepreneurs can migrate into a “more normal” economy as it develops. The following commodities are required by peace missions, infrastructure projects and humanitarian disaster operations, but also industry (for example mines). Quality water. Food. Accommodation. Electricity. Communications. Civil construction (minor). Treatment and transportation of patients. Maintenance of equipment. Data. Project management. And more. What is the utility of BLESBOK, SWATCH, TEAMSTER, PACKAGE, PANTILE and other products in this context?

A Regional Approach Can Improve Reaction Times and Value for All An improved approach Military equipment is pro-actively pooled against UN specification for crisis. Rates for use are pre-agreed. North South road transport in the SADC region in a matter of days. Tender time is reduced if the military is a vetted service provider. Introduction of a military approach to bridging could have: Provided crossing while embankments were in progress. This leads to three bridges being build nearly in parallel and opening up the route for aid. (Scenario specific). A real regional event: humanitarian disaster due to floods Preparation Implementation (eight months) Solution: Floods and famine Oversight & Payment Quality Assurance Contracting Tendering Plan & budget Delivery Empower and transfer ownership Transport ex Europe Transport in region Bridge One Embankment Repeat for Bridge Two and Three Best practices collected in a regional body, ready for replication to the advantage of all states, organizations and funders.

Suggestions (1) What if the SANDF henceforth specifies peace mission related equipment to meet UN specifications as cost effectively as possible, be maintainable from the regional industry base? What if the regional militaries scrutinises their stocks to identify equipment that can be pledged into a regional pool, offering the best possible operating times and cost for the UN? What if the region develops a facility as close as possible to MONUSCO (Ndola, Mwanza, Lubumbashi?) to maintain military equipment from there to improve reimbursability or to provide crews for required UN services.

Suggestions (2) What if soldiers operate private sector equipment in UN mission areas, if so preferred by the equipment provider? What if an interface is created between regional defence forces, industry and the head offices of many UN organisations in Pretoria/Johannesburg?

Notes to Industry UN Missions can have extensive budgets, but tenders are very competitive. Missions can have long durations – longer than the life cycle of many businesses. The UN prefer that mission participants procure/provide services, but services are sometimes procured by agencies such as the World Health Organisation or World Food Program. Tenders are for services and not for products. MONUSCO is the largest, most expensive, longest lasting peace mission. It is also closest to the SADC region and the Gauteng industrial base. There are many north-south routes in SADC with relatively fast movement rates. The median duration for peacekeeping operations is 16 years. This is more than long enough for setting up and operating a specifically designed business venture. A baby born at the beginning of a peace keeping operation will probably enter into the adult world within the same peace mission. In the Dadaab Refugee camps of Kenya babies that were born in the camp are now graduating within these same camps. Peace missions, and especially refugee camps, evolve into cities with their mini-economies over time.

Questions? Please visit the Armscor Stand at AAD where industry products that are relevant to peace missions in Africa is displayed and share your ideas with us.