REGIONS Superficial Anatomy Using the proper terms to identify the structures of the body helps physicians communicate with each other and the patient The terms are typically derived from Latin or Greek Latin or Greek is used because they are descriptive languages 1

Figure 1.7 The Importance of Precise Vocabulary 2

The Language of Anatomy Anatomical Landmarks Anatomical position The hands are at the side The palms are facing forward All discussion of the human body is in reference to the anatomical position Supine: lying down (face up) in the anatomical position Prone: lying down (face down) in the anatomical position 3

Figure 1.8a Anatomical Landmarks Frons or forehead (frontal) Nasus or nose (nasal) Oculus or eye (orbital or ocular) Auris or ear (otic) Cranium or skull (cranial) Cephalon or head (cephalic) Facies or face (facial) Bucca or cheek (buccal) Cervicis or neck (cervical) Oris or mouth (oral Mentis or chin (mental) Thoracis or thorax, chest (thoracic) Axilla or armpit (axillary) Mamma or breast (mammary) Brachium or arm (brachial) Abdomen (abdominal) Trunk Antecubitis or front of elbow (antecubital) Umbilicus or naval (umbilical) Antebrachium or forearm (antebrachial) Pelvis (pelvic) Carpus or wrist (carpal) Palma or palm (palmar) Manus or hand (manual) Inguen or groin (inguinal) Pollex or thumb Digits (phalanges) or fingers (digital or phalangeal) Pubis (pubic) Patella or kneecap (patellar) Femur or thigh (femoral) Crus or leg (crural) Tarsus or ankle (tarsal) Digits (phalanges) or toes (digital or phalangeal) Pes or foot (pedal) Hallux or great toe Anterior view in the anatomical position. 4

The Language of Anatomy Head and Neck Region Frons Nasus Oculus Auris Bucca Oris Mentis Cervis Occipital (posterior head region) 5

Figure 1.8a Anatomical Landmarks (Part 1 of 2) Frons or forehead (frontal) Nasus or nose (nasal) Oculus or eye (orbital or ocular) Auris or ear (otic) Cranium or skull (cranial) Cephalon or head (cephalic) Bucca or cheek (buccal) Facies or face (facial) Cervicis or neck (cervical) Oris or mouth (oral Mentis or chin (mental) Thoracis or thorax, chest (thoracic) Axilla or armpit (axillary) Mamma or breast (mammary) Brachium or arm (brachial) Abdomen (abdominal) Trunk Antecubitis or front of elbow (antecubital) Umbilicus or naval (umbilical) Antebrachium or forearm (antebrachial) 6

The Language of Anatomy Torso Region Thoracis Mamma Abdomen Umbilicus Pelvis Dorsum Lumbus 7

Figure 1.8a Anatomical Landmarks (Part 1 of 2) Frons or forehead (frontal) Nasus or nose (nasal) Oculus or eye (orbital or ocular) Auris or ear (otic) Cranium or skull (cranial) Cephalon or head (cephalic) Bucca or cheek (buccal) Facies or face (facial) Cervicis or neck (cervical) Oris or mouth (oral Mentis or chin (mental) Thoracis or thorax, chest (thoracic) Axilla or armpit (axillary) Mamma or breast (mammary) Brachium or arm (brachial) Abdomen (abdominal) Trunk Antecubitis or front of elbow (antecubital) Umbilicus or naval (umbilical) Antebrachium or forearm (antebrachial) 8

Figure 1.8b Anatomical Landmarks (Part 1 of 2) Cephalon or head (cephalic) Cervicis or neck (cervical) Shoulder (acromial) Dorsum or (back (dorsal) Olecranon or back of elbow (olecranal) Upper limb Lumbus or loin (lumbar) 9

Figure 1.8a Anatomical Landmarks (Part 2 of 2) Antebrachium or forearm (antebrachial) Pelvis (pelvic) Carpus or wrist (carpal) Palma or palm (palmar) Manus or hand (manual) Inguen or groin (inguinal) Pollex or thumb Digits (phalanges) or fingers (digital or phalangeal) Pubis (pubic) Patella or kneecap (patellar) Femur or thigh (femoral) Crus or leg (crural) Tarsus or ankle (tarsal) Digits (phalanges) or toes (digital or phalangeal) Pes or foot (pedal) Hallux or great toe 10

The Language of Anatomy The Arm and Hand Brachium Antecubitis Antebrachium Carpus Palma Pollex Axilla Olecranon (cubitis) 11

Figure 1.8a Anatomical Landmarks (Part 1 of 2) Frons or forehead (frontal) Nasus or nose (nasal) Oculus or eye (orbital or ocular) Auris or ear (otic) Cranium or skull (cranial) Cephalon or head (cephalic) Bucca or cheek (buccal) Facies or face (facial) Cervicis or neck (cervical) Oris or mouth (oral Mentis or chin (mental) Thoracis or thorax, chest (thoracic) Axilla or armpit (axillary) Mamma or breast (mammary) Brachium or arm (brachial) Abdomen (abdominal) Trunk Antecubitis or front of elbow (antecubital) Umbilicus or naval (umbilical) Antebrachium or forearm (antebrachial) 12

Figure 1.8a Anatomical Landmarks (Part 2 of 2) Antebrachium or forearm (antebrachial) Pelvis (pelvic) Carpus or wrist (carpal) Palma or palm (palmar) Manus or hand (manual) Inguen or groin (inguinal) Pollex or thumb Digits (phalanges) or fingers (digital or phalangeal) Pubis (pubic) Patella or kneecap (patellar) Femur or thigh (femoral) Crus or leg (crural) Tarsus or ankle (tarsal) Digits (phalanges) or toes (digital or phalangeal) Pes or foot (pedal) Hallux or great toe 13

Figure 1.8b Anatomical Landmarks (Part 1 of 2) Cephalon or head (cephalic) Cervicis or neck (cervical) Shoulder (acromial) Dorsum or (back (dorsal) Olecranon or back of elbow (olecranal) Upper limb Lumbus or loin (lumbar) 14

The Language of Anatomy The Leg and Foot Inguen Pubis Femur Patella Crus Tarsus Hallux 15

The Language of Anatomy The Leg and Foot (continued) Gluteus Gluteal cleft (natal cleft) Gluteal fold Popliteus Sura Calcaneus Planta Hallux 16

Figure 1.8a Anatomical Landmarks (Part 2 of 2) Antebrachium or forearm (antebrachial) Pelvis (pelvic) Carpus or wrist (carpal) Palma or palm (palmar) Manus or hand (manual) Inguen or groin (inguinal) Pollex or thumb Digits (phalanges) or fingers (digital or phalangeal) Pubis (pubic) Patella or kneecap (patellar) Femur or thigh (femoral) Crus or leg (crural) Tarsus or ankle (tarsal) Digits (phalanges) or toes (digital or phalangeal) Pes or foot (pedal) Hallux or great toe 17

Figure 1.8b Anatomical Landmarks (Part 2 of 2) Gluteus or buttock (gluteal) Lower limb Popliteus or back of knee (popliteal) Sura or calf (sural) Calcaneus or heel of foot (calcaneal) Planta or sole of foot (plantar) 18