:jfutd\ ;fj{hlgs vl/b sfg"g M ;fj{hlgs vl/b k|0ffnL / o:sf k|d'v ljz]iftfx? ;'/]z k|wfg g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg, @)&%.!@.@%

k|:t'tLsf ljifox? k|:t'tLsf] vfsf ljQLo Joj:yfkg / vl/b Joj:yfkgsf] ;DaGw ;fj{hlgs vl/bsf tTjx? ;fj{hlgs vl/b;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yf ;fj{hlgs vl/b k|0ffnL tyf rqm vl/b sfo{sf] qmda4tf -dfu, ljj/0f,clen]v,Kofs]h, nfut cg'dfg_ vl/b PsfO{ / o;sf] lhDd]jf/L vl/b ljlw, vl/b of]hgf, s/f/ ;Demf}tf k|bfg vl/b sfg'gsf d'Vo d'Vo Joj:yfx? / ljz]iftfx? ;fj{hlgs vl/b sfg"g sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx?

;fj{hlgs vl/b M k|d'v tTjx? vl/b sfg"g tyf k|s[ofsf] kfngf tf]lsPsf] ;do, :yfg / kl/df0fdf cfk"lt{ ;fj{hlgs vl/b nfut sfo{s'zntf u'0f:t/ dfkb08sf] kfngf

;fj{hlgs vl/b M cfwf/e"t ljz]iftf / cGt//fli6o ?kdf k|rlnt df]8nx? ;fj{hlgs vl/bsf ljz]iftfx?M vl/b P]g tyf lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf -P]g @)^#, lgodfjnL @)^$_ gLlt lgofds -Oversight_ lgsfosf] :yfkgf -PPMO_ :jtGq k'g/fjnf]sg lgsfo - k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt_ gd'gf af]nkq sfuhftsf] Joj:yf -Set of SBD -works, goods, consulting_ dfu{bz{g / lgb]{lzsf hf/L ug]{ -d'No ;dfof]hg, ljB'tLo af]nkq_ lzIff / tflndsf] lg/Gt/tf -lzIffsf] Joj:yf 5}g, tflndsf] Joj:yf_ International Models World Bank Guidelines, UNCITRAL (United Nation’s commerce and industrial trade law) model law, European Commission Rules, Government Procurement Agreement of World Trade Organization, NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) Procurement Rules, and APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation ) Procurement Principles.

;fj{hlgs vl/b Joj:yfkgsf p2]Zox? lgsfon] lt/]sf] d'Nosf] pknAwL -Value for Money_ M ldtJooL k|s[of / lg0f{osf] kf/blz{tf af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjsnfO{ e]befj /xLt Jojxf/ ;fj{hlgs clwsf/Lx?sf] hjfkmb]lxtf dfn;fdfg jf ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/Lotf sfo{s'zntf / pQ/bfloTjk"0f{ sfo{ ;/sf/L sf]ifsf] pkof]udf O{dfGbfl/tf cGo ;fj{hlgs gLltx?nfO{ ;xof]u -h:t} M jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f, ;fdflhs ;dfgtf, Go"gtd Hofnf, ;Gt'lnt ljsf; cflb_ ug]{ cfGtl/s pBf]ux?sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ k|lt:kwf{sf] k|aw{g ug]{ cfbz{ vl/bstf{ -Model Purchaser_ x'g]

Frequency of Bribery Source: Kaufmann, World Bank (2006), based on Executive Opinion Survey 2005 of the World Economic Forum covering 117 countries. Question posed to the firm was: In your industry, how commonly firms make undocumented extra payments or bribes connected with permits / utilities / taxation / awarding of public contracts / judiciary?

;fj{hlgs vl/b;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yf ;fj{hlgs lgsfox?n] ;fj{hlgs vl/b ubf{ kfngf ug'{kg]{ ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g ,@)^# M -@)^#.(.#) b]vL_ -@)&#=#=#) ,k|yd ;+zf]wg _ ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL @)^$ M -@)^$.%.# b]vL _ -kfFrf} ;+zf]wg @)&#=!!=@^_ bkmf # M ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L vl/b ug'{ kg]{df sfg"gsf] k|lts'n x'g] u/L ul/Psf] vl/b ab/ tyf cdfGo x'g] lgod M P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos lgodx? agfpg ;Sg] cGo ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] ;DalGwt P]g, lgod jf u7g cfb]zsf] cwLgdf /xL cfjZos lgod agfpg ;Sg]

cGo ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf] vl/b sfg"g vf/]hL / ;+zf]wg ;/sf/L ;fj{hlgs lgsfo afx]ssf cGo ;fj{hlgs lgsfox?sf vl/b;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yf of] P]g;Fu aflemPsf] xb;Dd o; P]g cg's"n x'g] u/L :jtM ;+zf]wg ePsf] dflgg] cGo ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf] vl/b;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yf o; P]g cg's"n ePsf] gb]lvPdf PPMOn] vl/b P]g cg's"n x'g] u/L ;+zf]wg ug{ ;DaGwLt ;fj{hlgs lgsfonfO{ n]vL k7fpg' kg]{ n]vL cfPkl5 ;DaGwLt lgsfon] cfkm\gf] vl/b;DaGwL sfg"g Ps dlxgf leq vl/b P]g cg's"n ;+zf]wg u/L ;f] sf] hfgsf/L PPMO nfO{ lbg' kg]{ o:tf] hfgsf/L ;f] lgsfon] glbPdf P]g;Fu aflemPsf] xb;Dd vl/b;DaGwL To:tf] sfg"gL Joj:yf :jtM cdfGo ePsf] dflgg]

;fj{hlgs vl/b P]gsf] k|:tfjgfsf p2]Zox? ;fj{hlgs vl/b sfo{ljlw , k|s[of tyf lg0f{o M v'nf, kf/bzL{, j:t'lgi7 / ljZj;lgo agfpg] vl/b k|s[of M k|lt:kwf{, :jR5tf, OdfGbf/Ltf, hjfkmb]xLtf / ljZj;lgotf k|jw{g ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] clwstd k|ltkmn xfl;n ug]{ M ldtJooL tyf ljj]sk"0f{ 9+uaf6 vr{ ug]{ sfo{ k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf ug]{ vl/bsf] Joj:yfkg Ifdtf clej[l¢ M ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf sfo{/t dfgj ;+zfwg / ;/f]sf/jfnf ju{x? -pTkfbs,ljqm]tf, cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL jf ;]jf k|bfosx?_ nfO{ uf]i7L, sfo{zfnf, ;Dd]ng tyf tflndsf] Joj:yf ug]{ lagf e]befj vl/b k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g] ;dfg cj;/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ -pTkfbs,ljqm]tf, cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL jf ;]jf k|bfosx?_

;fj{hlgs lgsfosf] kl/efiff ;/sf/L ;fj{hlgs lgsfo M ;+a}wflgs c+u jf lgsfo, cbfnt, g]kfn ;/sf/sf] dGqfno, ljefu, ;lrjfno, ljefu / cGtu{tsf ;/sf/L lgsfo jf sfof{nox? cGo ;fj{hlgs lgsfox? M :yfgLo tx g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf clwsf+z :jfldTj jf lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] ;+:yfg, sDkgL, a}+s jf ;ldlt jf ;fj{hlgs :t/df :yflkt jf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ul7t cfof]u, ;+:yfg, k|flws/0f, lgud, k|lti7fg, af]8{,s]Gb|, kl/ifb\ cflb g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ;+rflnt jf ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf clwsf+z cg'bfg k|fKt ljZjljBfno, dxfljBfno, cg';Gwfg s]Gb| / cGo k|fl1s,z}lIfs ;+:yf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] C0f tyf cg'bfgdf ;+rflnt ;+:yfx?

s] vl/b ug]{ / o:sf cfwf/x? s] s] x'g < dfn;fdfg M d;nGb, sDKo"6/, Nofk6k, k|f]h]S6/, kmlg{r/ -s';L{, 6]an, b/fh cflb_, ;jf/L ;fwg, cGo O{SjLkd]G6x? cflb lgdf{0f sfo{ M ejg, ;8s, gx/, k'n, kvf{n, wf/f cflb k/fdz{ ;]jf M cWoog cg';Gwfg, l8hfO{g ;e]{If0f, af]nkq jf k|:tfjsf] sfuhft tof/L, ;'kl/j]If0f, lg/LIf0f cflb h'g sfof{nosf] sd{rf/Lsf] of]Uotf jf ;+Vofn] sfd ug{ ;Dej b]lv+b}g cGo ;]jf M sfof{nosf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ d]zLg/L, ;jf/L ;fwg, OSjLkd]G6;\, cflb ef8fdf lng' kg]{ cj:yfdf lnO{g] vl/b sfo{sf cfwf/ tyf >f]tx?M sfof{nosf] p2]Zo / p2]Zo k|fKtL ug{ ul/g] sfo{x? sfo{sf] nflu lqmofsnfk v'n]sf] sfo{qmd, Joj;flos of]hgf -Business Plan_ :jLs[t jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd jf cfof]hgfsf lqmofsnfkx? vl/b of]hgf -Procurement Plan__

;fj{hlgs vl/b k|0ffnL . vl/b rqm z'? vl/b OsfO{sf sfo{x? != dfu ;+sng, df}Hbft / clen]v le8fg vl/b dfu M zfvf dxfzfvfx? -vl/b of]hgf jf sfo{qmd, ah]6sf] cfwf/df_ !=dfn;fdfg @= lgdf{0f sfo{ #= k/fdz{ ;]jf $= cGo ;]jf @= k|fljlws ljj/0f tof/L M cfsf/, gSzf, ahf/ cWoog, l8hfO{g, k|fljlws ljz]iftfx? , dfn;fdfg gd"gf &=vl/b ljlw lgwf{/0f ;f]em} vl/b, jftf{ b/efpkq jf k|:tfj pkef]Stf ;lslt af]nkq jf k|:tfj #= vl/b sfo{ PsLg M kl/df0f, u'0f:t/, ;do, k|sf/ cGt dfu k"/f clen]v $= Kofs]h lgwf{/0f M dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f, k/fdz{;]jf, cGo ;]jfsf] 5'6\6f 5'6\6} !*= ;+emf}tf k|zf;g cg'udg / u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f M dfn;fdfg, ;]jf k|fKtL, e'StfgL *= vl/b of]hgf tflnsf %= nfut cg'dfg M Kofs]h cfwf/df ^= of]Uotf lgwf{/0f -QC_M hgzlSt, cg'ej, ljlQo tyf 5gf}6 ljlw -QBS,QCBS,FBS,LCS_ (= b/efpkq, af]nkq sfuhft ,k|:tfj tof/L, -;Demf}tf_ !)= b/efpkq k"j{of]Uotf . Af]fnkq, k|:tfjsf] ;'rgf k|sfzg !&= s/f/ ;+emf}tf ug]{ !%= k|:tfj jf af]nkq k'g/fjnf]sg -sfof{no jf ;ldlt_ b/efpkq, ;f]em} vl/b !# b/efpkq Af]fnkq, k|:tfj k]z ug]{ !$ b/efpkq, Af]fnkq, k|:tfj d"NofFsg !@= Kf"j{ k|:tfj, af]nkq a}7s !^= b/efpkq, Af]fnkq jf k|:tfj :jLs[tL !!= k"j{of]Uotf . Af]fnkq sfuhft, k|:tfj pknAw u/fpg]

;fj{hlgs vl/b k|0ffnLsf] ;+:yfut Joj:yf sfof{no k|d'v M vl/b sf/jfxLsf] :jLs[tL zfvf dxfzfvfx? Dffu . cfjZostf klxrfg ug]{ - k/fdz{ ;]jf,dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f / cGo;]jf_ :jLs[tL Dffu . cfjZostf klxrfgug vl/b OsfO{ dfu ;+sng, ahf/ cWoog, vl/b ;Demf}tf 5gf}6,nfut cg'dfg, vl/b ljlw, vl/b of]hgf, sfuhft tof/L, ;"rgf, d"NofFsg, aftf{, vl/b ;Demf}tf, u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f, clen]v ug]{ cfk"lt{ ;Demf}tf, u'0f:t/ Ef08f/ zfvfM eG8f/0f u'0f:t/ sfof{Gjog ;d"x ;+emf}tf cg';f/ sfof{Gjog, ljnsf] tof/L tyf hfFr, ljn e'StfgLsf] nflu k7fpg', sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg tof/L ug]{ lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf[{, k/fdz{bftf, ;]jfk|bfos Maf]nkqdf efu lng], ;+emf}tf cg';f/ sfo{ ug d"NofFsg, ;+emf}tf sfo{ ug]{, ;+emf}tf ug]{, cfly{s k|zf;g zfvf d"NofFsgdf efu lng], ;+emf}tf k|fKt ug]{, lan e'StfgL ug]{ ljn e'StfgLsf]

Structure of Public Procurement in Nepal

vl/b OsfO{ M vl/b sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf] k|d'vsf] lhDDf]jf/L M vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug]{ tyf P]g adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L vl/b;DaGwL cGo ;a} sfo{ ug{] jf u/fpg] of]Uotf k'u]sf] sd{rf/Laf6 vl/b;DaGwL sfd u/fpg] M vl/b;DaGwL sfo{ ubf{ ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] of]Uotf ePsf] / vl/b sfo{ ;DaGwL 1fg ePsf] jf tfnLd k|fKt u/]sf] sd{rf/Laf6 u/fpg' kg{] Pp6f vl/b OsfO{sf] :yfkgf M;fj{hlgs lgsfon] Pp6f OsfO{sf] :yfkgf u/L sfg"gdf pNn]lvt lhDd]jf/L tf]Sg' kg{] :jLs[tL lng' kg]{ M vl/b;DaGwL sfd ubf{ jf u/fpFbf vl/b OsfO{ jf ;f]sf] lhDd]jf/L tf]lsPsf] OsfO{n] ;DalGwt ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf] k|d'vsf] l:js[lt lnO{ ug'{ kg]{5 . vl/b clwsf/L M ævl/b ;DaGwL sfo{af]em / sfo{ k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df 5'6\6} dxfzfvf, zfvf jf OsfO{sf] :yfkgf u/L vl/b clwsf/L tf]Sg' kg]{5Æ -P]gsf] k|yd ;+zf]wg @)&#=#=#)_

vl/b dfu tyf vl/b ljj/0f vl/b dfuM vl/b ljj/0f M vl/b PsfO{n] dxfzfvf, zfvf jf sfof{Tds PsfO{x?Aff6 vl/b dfu k|fKt ug]{]{ zfvf dxfzfvfn] vl/b dfudf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ s'/fx?M dfn;fdfgsf] k|sf/ -d;nGb, sDKo"6/, kmlg{r/ cflb_, u'0f:t/ -dfkb08 jf cGo_, kl/df0f -;+Vof_ ;DaGwL ljj/0f, dfn;fdfg cfjZos kg]{ ;do -rf}dfl;s jf dfl;s / ldlt cflb_ vl/bsf] cg'dflgt d"No, / d"No Joxf]l/g] ;|f]t -g]kfn ;/sf/, bft[ lgsfo cflb_ vl/b ljj/0f M vl/b ug]{ sfo{sf] k|fljlws ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ of]hgf, gSzf, :k]lzlkms]zg, l8hfOg, ljz]if cfjZostf ;DaGwL ljj/0f tof/ u/fpg' kg]{ vl/b ljj/0fdf ;Da4 j:t'ut k|fljlws, u'0f:t/hGo ljz]iftf / sfdnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg' kg]{ s'g}vf;a|f08, 6«]8dfs{, gfd, k]6]G6, l8hfOg, k|sf/, pTklQ jf pTkfbssf] gfd pNn]v ug{ g;lsg] t/ a|f08 cflb pNn]v gu/L gx'g] cj:yfdf To:tf] ljj/0fx? pNn]v u/L ;f];/x -Equivalent_ eGg] zAbx? pNn]v ug{ ;lsg] -bkmf $_

dfn;fdfgsf] k|fljlws ljj/0f -lgod $@_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf dfn;fdfgsf] k|fljlws ljj/0fdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M -s_ k|:tfljt sfdsf] of]hgf, gSzf / l8hfO{g, -v_ ljn ckm SjflG66Lh, -u_ dfn;fdfgsf] ;fGble{s ef}lts tyf /;folgs ljz]iftf, ck]lIft sfo{;Dkfbg ljz]iftf, -3_ k|fljlws agfj6 -sGkmLUo'/]zg_ -ª_ dfn;fdfgsf] cfo' cjlwe/ cfjZos kg]{ hu]8f kf6{k"hf{ / ;]jf pknAw x'g] jf gx'g], -r_ af]nkqsf ;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{ dfn;fdfgsf] ljj/0ffTds k'l:tsf jf gd"gf, -5_ ck]lIft sfo{;Dkfbg tyf u'0f:t/ k|Tofe"ltsf] ljj/0f, -h_ jf/]06L tyf dd{t ;Def/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf, -em_ dfn;fdfgaf6 jftfj/0fdf s'g} k|efj kg]{ eP To:tf] k|efj / To:tf] k|efj sd ug{ ckgfpg' kg]{ dfkb08, -`_ cfk"lt{ ePsf] dfn;fdfg af]nkq;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf] :k]l;lkms]zg adf]lhdsf] eP gePsf] s'/f k/LIf0f ug{ ckgfOg] dfkb08 / tl/sf, / -6_ ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .

k|fljlws ljj/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf vl/b sfo{sf] hfgsf/L M vl/b ug'{sf] p2]Zo, r/0f, cGo sfo{;Fusf] ;DaGw k|fljlws ljj/0fdf Wofg lbg' kg]{ kIfx? M ef}lts ljj/0f / ;+rfng k|s[of -cfsf/ k|sf/, l8hfO{g, :j?k, cflb_ sfo{ut -Functional_ cfjZostfsf] ljj/0f -ult, x;{kfj/,sfo{k|0ffnL cflb_ sfo{;Dkfbgut -Performance_ cfjZostf -pTkfbg, s:tf] kl/0ffd Nofpg' kg]{M Ps ldg6df slt ln6/ kfgL tfGg] jf Ps ln6/ k]6«f]ndf slt dfO{n]h / :kL8 x'g]_, kof{j/0fLo dfgb08 -WjgL, jftfj/0fLo k|b'if0f cflb_ l8hfOg :6\of088{ / u'0f:t/ -ISO, NS, ISI cflb_ ahf/ cWoog M ahf/df dfn;fdfgsf] pknAwtf, pTkfbsx?sf] cj:yf, pTkfbgsf :6\ofG88{x?sf] ahf/ cWoog k|sfzg tyf ;"rgfsf] cWoog M pTkfbgsf] hfgsf/L lng a|f]z/, k|fljlws k|sfzg, pBf]usf] ;dfrf/ kq, OG6/g]6 cflbaf6 cWoog ug{ ;lsGf] 18 18

d'vfs[t b]lvg] -sfg ;lxt_ k|fljlws ljj/0f :ki6 x'g'k5{, a'Efm\g] dg;fo /fVg' x'Fb}g Mkmf]6f] kl/ro;DaGwL dfldnf b'j} sfg b]lvg] d'vfs[t b]lvg] -sfg ;lxt_ rZdf , Xof6 lagf

;fdfGotM Jojxf/df c:ki6 jf ljjfb x'g] s'/fx? === k|:tfljt sfdsf] of]hgf, gSzf / l8hfO{g M tof/Lsf] ;dodf , d'NofFsg ug'{ cl3 jf ;Demf}tf kl5 < ck]lIft sfo{;Dkfbg ljz]iftf M k/LIf0f jf k|ltkmnsf] cfwf/ lglZrt ug{ sl7g jf Comparator b]vfpg sl7g af]nkqsf ;fy k]z ug'{ kg]{ dfn;fdfgsf] ljj/0ffTds k'l:tsf jf gd"gf M Agent or Manufacturer sf] tkm{af6 k]z x'g] k':tLsf :ki6 gx'g] jf gd"gf PsLg ug{ sl7g jf/]06L tyf dd{t ;Def/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf M ;jf/L ;fwgsf] nflu ^))) 306f jf Ps jif{ h'g cl3 x'G5 < :yfgLo Ph]06 jf pTkfbs < dfn;fdfgaf6 jftfj/0fdf k|efj kg]{ eP k|efj sd ug{ ckgfpg' kg]{ dfkb08 M g]kfnsf] nflu :jLs[tL lng] cj:yf , nfu" ug{ sl7g

of]Uotfsf cfwf/x? lglZrt ug]{ lgdf{0f sfo{, dfn;fdfg tyf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/x? cg';f/ -;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g tyf lgodfjnLsf] cfwf/df_ tf]lsg' kb{5 k/fdz{ ;]jfdf k|fljlws / cfly{s k|:tfj d"NofFsgsf] cfwf/ tf]ls+bf ;fwf/0f / ljz]if cg'ej, d'Vo sd{rf/Lx?sf] z}lIfs of]Uotf cg'ej / tflnd, sfo{If]q zt{ / sfo{ljlwsf] kof{Kttf, 1fg x:tfGt/0f -tflnd_ cflb tf]sL 5gf}6 ljlw Quality Based, Quality and Cost Based, Least Cost System, Fixed Budget Selection Method cflb sfdsf] k|s[lt / cEof;sf] cfwf/ dfn;fdfgsf] ;Gbe{df vf; a|f08 gtf]ls k|fljlws ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df sfd ;DkGg ug]{ cjlw, pTkfbg cg'ej, sfdsf] k|s[ltsf] sfof{g'ej, jif{,hLjg rqmsf] cfwf/df d"NofFsg x'g] s'/f, k|fljlws sd{rf/Lsf] pknAwtf, tflnd, jf/]06Lsf] Joj:yf cflb pNn]v ul/g' kb{5 .

vl/b sfo{sf] ;d"x ljefhg tyf Kofs]lhFu -Slicing and Packaging_ sfo{k|0ffnL jf pkk|0ffnL -Lot_nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ;d'x ljefhg / ljleGg ;d'x ljefhg jf Pp6} ;d"xnfO{ klg Joj:yfksLo ;d"xdf ;d'xLs[t ul/g] sfo{ Kofs]lhu+ ;d"x ljefhg / Kofs]lhFusf cfwf/x? : vl/b ljlw 5gf}6 ubf{ 6'qmf 6'qmf u/L ug{ gkfO{g] -No Splitting_ vl/b sfg"gsf] dd{ vl/b sfo{sf] k|s[lt -;dfgtf jf km/s_ :jLs[t ePsf] sfo{qmd / ah]6 vl/b sfo{sf] k|s[lt km/s ePklg Ps csf{;+u tfbfDotf sfod u/L ;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{ k|s[of -k/fdz{bftf / sDKo'6/ ;fdfg vl/b, d]lzg cfk"lt{ / h8fg tyf tflnd ;DaGwL sfo{, ejg lgdf{0f tyf lah'nL ;fdfg cfk"lt{ cflb_

vl/b sfo{sf] ;d"x ljefhg tyf Kofs]lhFu -Slicing and Packaging_ ;d"x ljefhg / Kofs]lhFusf cfwf/x?===== Pp6} k|s[ltsf] sfd eP klg sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ km/s ;do / cjlw vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] k|s[lt -6g{ sL, lgdf{0f :jfldTj / ;+rfng cflb _ k|fljlws ?kdf km/s ePklg Ps} ;d"xdf ;DkGg ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf -gx/sf] df6f] vGg] / nfO{lg+u_ Afh]6 /sdsf] ;Ldf tyf vl/b ug{ ;lsg] clwstd ;Ldf dfldnf M != sDKo"6/ , Nofk6k / kmlg{r/sf] Pp6} Kofs]h x'g;S5 < @= ;8s lgdf{0f / ejg lgdf{0fsf] Pp6} Kofs]h x'g] gx'g] <

vl/bsfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{, k/fdz{ ;]jf tyf cGo ;]jf ;a} vl/b sfo{ sf] nflu nfut cg'dfg clgjfo{ ul/Psf] lgdf{0f sfo{ afx]s æPs nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf]Æ -P]gsf] k|yd ;+zf]wg @)&#=#=#)_ -klxnf ? @%))) ;Dd_ nfut cg'dfg cfjZos gkg]{ Kofs]hsf] cfwf/df nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{ nfut cg'dfg cWofjlws ug'{ kg]{ M :jLs[t ePsf] nfut cg'dfg cg';f/ vl/b gePdf lgodfjnLsf] k|s[of ckgfO{ k|To]s cfly{s jif{df cWofjlws ug'{ kg]{ nfut cg'dfg cBfjlBs gu/L l;naGbL b/efpkq / af]nkq cfXjfg ug{ jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj dfu ug{ gkfpg] 24

nfut cg'dfg ubf{ Wofglbg'kg]{ k|d'v kIfx? tof/ ug]{ 9fFrf -Format_ M nfut ljZn]if0f ug]{ tl/sf Wofg lbg' kg]{ -h:t} lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu PPR-64 sf] cg';"rL !_ kl/df0f / d"No lgwf{/0f ug]{ dfkb08 -Norms_ M lgwf{/0f ug]{ lgsfox? / ljifo Wofg lbg'kg]{ -ef}lts of]hgf, PPMO, dGqfno, ljefluo k|d'v, cy{ dGqfno cflb_ b/ ljZn]if0f -Rate analysis_ M s'g lgsfosf] s] b/ vl/b sfo{sf] k|s[lt / o:sf] pko'Sttf, -Overhead, profit, kl/df0f / b//]6 cflb_ ;fdu|L / Hofnf b//]6 M ;DaGwLt lhNnfsf] lhNNff ;fdu|L tyf Hofnf b//]6 ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] b//]6 s/ Joj:yf M :yfgLo s/, cfos/, d"No clej[l4 s/ cflbsf] pko'St b//]6 vl/b sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ cjlw M sfo{;DkGg -lgdf{0f sfo{, dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ / k/fdz{;]jfsf] cjlw cflb_ sf] ;dofjlw < cBfjlws eP gePsf] M ;"rgf lgsfNg' cl3 cBfjlws ug]{ sfo{

vl/b ljlw 5gf}6 M cj:yf / vl/b d"Nosf] cfwf/df -s_ dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf cGo ;]jf vl/b M cGt/f{li6«o . /fli6«o :t/df v'Nnf af]nkq cfÅjfg -@) nfv eGbf a9L_ l;naGbL b/efpkq cfÅjfg -@) nfv;Dd_ ;f]em} vl/b -% nfv;Dd_ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfonfO{ ;xefuL u/fO{ - ! s/f]8 ;Dd_ cdfgtaf6 -;fgfltgf dd{t ;+ef/sf sfo{x?_ u}/ ;/sf/L;+:yf -;r]tgf d"ns sfo{qmd cflb_ cGo vl/b ljlwx? -Psd'i6, lnld6]8 6]G8l/u, afO{Jofs cflb_

vl/b ljlw 5gf}6 M cj:yf / vl/b d"Nosf] cfwf/df k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b M k|lt:kwf{Tds k|:tfj dfu u/L M @) nfv;Dd df}h'bf;"rL, !) s/f]8 ;Dd /fli6«o, ;fdfGotM !) s/f]8 dfly cGt//fli6«o ;f]em} jftf{af6 -% nfv _ k|:tfj 5gf}6 ljlw M u'0f:t/ / nfut ljlw, u'0f:t/ ljlw, lglZrt ah]6 ljlw, jf Go"g nfut ljlw .

cGo vl/b ljlw af]nkqsf] dfWodåf/fvl/b ug'{ kg]{ -lgod #!_ M aL;nfv ¿k}ofF eGbf a9L nfut cg'dfg ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{, dfn;fdfg jf h'g;'s} ;]jf vl/b ug{' kbf{ v'nf af]nkqsf] dfWodåf/f vl/b ug{' kg]{ Psd'i6 b/ ljlw -lgod #! s_ M k|of]u ug]{ cj:yf M s'g} of]Uotf cfjZos gkg]{ k|s[ltsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ b'O{ s/f]8 ¿k}ofF;Dd nfut cg'dfg ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ vl/bdf k|of]u nfut cg'dfg ;fj{hlgs ul/g] /fli6«o:t/sf] af]nkqsf] dfWodåf/f Psd'i6 b/ ljlwsf] cfwf/df k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ vl/b ug{ ;Sg] af]nkq bflvnf ubf{ s"n nfut cg'dfgdf lglZrt k|ltzt 36L jf a9L k|ltztdf sfd ug]{ Psd'i6 b/ saf]n u/L af]nkq k]z ug{' kg]{ of] ljlw ax'jifL{o ;Demf}tf ug{' kg]{ eP k|of]u ug{ g;lsg]

cGo vl/b ljlw pTkfbs jf clws[t ljqm]tfåf/f lgwfl/t b/df -Sof6nu ;lkË_ ljlw -lgod #! v_ M vl/b sfo{ljlw vl/b ul/g] dfn;fdfg M x]eL OlSjkd]G6, ;jf/L ;fwg, cf}hf/, d]lzg/L, pks/0f, PS;/] jf Pdcf/cfO{ h:tf :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ pkrf/hGo oGq jf o:t} oflGqs dfn;fdfgx¿ lnlvt ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ M ;dfg :t/sf] dfn;fdfg pTkfbg jf ljt/0f ug]{ pTkfbs sDkgL jf cflwsfl/s laqm]tfnfO{ sDtLdf ;ft lbgb]lv a9Ldf kG„ lbg;Ddsf] ;'rgf lgj]bg btf{ M ;"rgf k|flKt kl5 dfn;fdfg laqmL ug{ rfxg] pTkfbs sDkgL jf cflwsfl/s laqm]tfn] pTkfbgsf] cflwsfl/s :k]lzlkms]zg, u'0f:t/, d"No / ;'ljwf ;lxtsf] ljj/0f -Sof6nu jf a|f];/_ ;+nUg /fvL lgj]bg btf{ u/fpg' kg]{ lgj]bg btf{ ubf{ af]nkq hdfgt cfjZos gkg]{

cGo vl/b ljlw pTkfbs jf clws[t ljqm]tfåf/f lgwfl/t b/df -Sof6nu ;lkË_ ljlw -lgod #! v_ M vl/b sfo{ljlw ==== laqm]tfsf] ;"rL tof/ M btf{ ePsf pTkfbs jf cflwsfl/s laqm]tfn] k]z u/]sf] :k]lzlkms]zg, u'0f:t/, d"No / ;'ljwf ;lxtsf] ljj/0f -Sof6nu jf a|f];/_ x]/L ;dfg :k]lzlkms]zg / u'0f:t/ ePsf pTkfbgx¿sf] pTkfbs sDkgL jf cflwsfl/s laqm]tfsf] ;"rL tof/ ug{' kg]{ cfly{s k|:tfj dfu M ;"rLsf] cfwf/df dfn;fdfgsf] kl/df0f vf]nL pTkfbs jf clws[t laqm]tfaf6 tf]lsPsf] d"No / ;'ljwf dWo] d"Nodf 5'6 jf ;'ljwfdf yk x'g ;Sg] ljj/0f ;lxtsf] cfly{s k|:tfj dfu ug{' kg]{ k|:tfjbftfsf] 5gf}6 M k|:tfj k|fKt ePkl5 d"Nodf kfOg] 5'6 / ;'ljwfdf x'g] yk ;d]tsf] cfwf/df d"NofÍg u/L Go"gtd d"NoflÍt ;f/e"t k|efju|fxL k|:tfjbftfsf] 5gf}6 ug{' kg]{ vl/b ;Demf}tf M 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfjbftf;Fu sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgt lnO{ vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{' kg]{ k|:t't ljlw ax'jifL{o ;Demf}tf ug{' kg]{ vl/b sf/afxLdf k|of]u ug{ g;lsg]

;Lldt af]nkq -lnld6]8 6]08l/Ë_ ljlw -#! u_ M sfo{ljlw vl/b ljlw ;Lldt af]nkq -lnld6]8 6]08l/Ë_ ljlw -#! u_ M sfo{ljlw :fLldt k|lt:kwf{ M ;Lldt dfqfdf pknJw ePsf] jf x'g] s'g} dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{, k/fdz{ ;]jf jf cGo ;]jf vl/b ug{' k/]df To:tf] k|s[ltsf] cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jfk|bfosx¿ tLg jf ;f] eGbf sd ;Îofdf pknAw ePsf] cj:yf olsg u/L To:tf k|bfosx¿ aLr dfq k|ltikwf{ ul/g] kG„ lbgsf] af]nkq cfXjfgsf] ;"rgfsf] dfWodåf/f af]nkq jf k|:tfj dfu u/L vl/b ug{;Sg] of] ljlw ax'jifL{o ;Demf}tf x'g] vl/bdf k|of]u ug{ g;lsg] o; ljlwsf] dfWodaf6 vl/b ug{' kbf{ Ps tx dflysf] clwsf/Lsf] k"j{:jLs[lt lng' kg]{

vl/b ljlw gofF lng] k'/fgf] lbg] -afO{ Jofs d]y8_ ljlwaf6 ul/g] vl/bsf] sfo{ljlw M dfn;fdfg M lgsfosf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] s'g} ;jf/L ;fwg, cf}hf/, d]lzg/L pks/0f, oGq, /;fog, dn, ljifflb jf o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo dfn;fdfgx¿sf] pTkfbs sDkgLn] tf]s]sf] jf/]G6L jf Uof/]G6Lsf] ;do;Ldf cjlw k"/f ePkl5 dd{t;Def/ u/L ;~rfngdf NofpFbf nfut k|efjsf/L gx'g] / sDkgLn] tf]s]sf] dfkb08 cg'¿ksf] kl/0ffd glbg] jf k'gMk|of]u ug{ gldNg] jf cf}lrToxLg x'g] / To:tf dfn;fdfg hg:jf:Yo jf jftfj/0fLo b[li6n] e08f/0f u/L /fVg] jf lnnfd ug{ ;d]t pko'Qm gx'g] cj:yf cj:yfsf] olsg u/L k'/fgf] dfn;fdfg ;DalGwt pTkfbs jf cflwsfl/s laqm]tf jf cfk"lt{stf{nfO{ lkmtf{ lbO{ ;f]xL k|s[ltsf] gofF dfn;fdfg ;f]xL pTkfbs jf cflwsfl/s laqm]tf jf cfk"lt{stf{af6 ;§fk§f u/L lng ;Sg] ;§fk§f ubf{ To:tf] ;+:yf;Fu k'/fgf] dfn;fdfgsf] d"NofÍg k|:tfj lnO{ gofF dfn;fdfgsf] lgwf{l/t laqmL d"Nodf k'/fgf] dfn;fdfgsf] d"NoflÍt /sd s§f u/L vl/b ;Demf}tf u/L vl/b ug{' kg]{

vl/b ljlw gofF lng] k'/fgf] lbg] -afO{ Jofs d]y8_ ljlwaf6 ul/g] vl/bsf] sfo{ljlw M u'0f:t/ k|dfl0ft M vl/b ul/g] gofF dfn;fdfg dfGotf k|fKt ;+:yfaf6 u'0f:t/ k|dfl0ft ePsf] x'g' kg]{ hLjg rqm kZrft k'gM ;§fk§f <M vl/b ;Demf}tf ubf{ vl/b x'g] gofF dfn;fdfgsf] hLjg rqm kZrft o; ljlw k|of]u u/L k'gM ;§fk§f ug{ ;lsg] jf g;lsg] s'/f v'nfpg' kg]{ ;"rL tof/ M vl/b ubf{ k'/fgf] dfn;fdfg / ahf/df pknAw gofF dfn;fdfgsf] ;"rL tof/ u/L ljefuLo k|d'vaf6 :jLs[lt lnP/ dfq vl/b ug{' kg]{ o; ljlw ax'jifL{o ;Demf}tf ug{' kg]{ vl/b sf/afxLdf k|of]u ug{ g;lsg]

:jb]zL af]nkqbftfx¿ aLr dfq k|lt:kwf{ - #!ª= _ vl/b ljlw :jb]zL af]nkqbftfx¿ aLr dfq k|lt:kwf{ - #!ª= _ Ps r/0fsf] v'nf af]nkq cfXjfg ubf{ b'O{ s/f]8 ¿k}ofFeGbf a9L / Ps c/a ¿k}ofF;Ddsf] nfut cg'dfg ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] vl/b /fli6«o:t/sf] v'nf af]nkq :jb]zL af]nkqbftfx¿ aLr dfq k|lt:kwf{ k|fljlws / cfly{s k|:tfj b'O{ cnu cnu vfddf /fvL l;naGbL ug{' kg]{ Joxf]/f af]nkq cfXjfgsf] ;"rgf / af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf v'nfpg' kg]{ k|fljlws,cfly{s / ljQLo Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ug]{ of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ pNn]v ug{' kg]{ k|fljlws k|:tfj k/LIf0f u/L ;f/e"t ¿kdf k|efju|fxL af]nkq lgwf{/0f ug{' kg]{ of]Uotfsf] ;a} cfwf/df ;kmn x'g] af]nkq ;f/e"t ¿kdf k|efju|fxL dflgg] ;kmn ;a} af]nkqbftfx¿nfO{ cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng] :yfg, ldlt / ;do pNn]v u/L pkl:yt x'g sDtLdf ;ft lbgsf] cjlw lbO{ ;"rgf ug{' kg]{

vl/b ljlw -vl/b ;Demf}tf cGTo_ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] cfly{s k|:tfj dfu u/L vl/b ug]{ sfo{ljlw M vl/b ;Demf}tf cGTo eO{ To:tf] lgdf{0f sfo{ vl/b ug{' kbf{ 5gf}6 ePsf af]nkqbftfx¿nfO{ kG„ lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ cfly{s k|:tfj dfu u/L vl/b ug{ ;lsg] vl/b ug{' kbf{ l;naGbL cfly{s k|:tfj dfq k]z ug{' kg]{ Joxf]/f v'nfpg' kg]{ cGTo ubf{ ;DkGg eO{;s]sf] sfo{ PsLg ug]{ M vl/b ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nlu af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ubf{ vl/b ;Demf}tf cGTo x'Fbfsf] ;do;Dd l8hfOg jf nfut cg'dfg cg'¿k ;DkGg eO;s]sf] sfo{x¿ s§f u/L afFsL sfdsf] nflu cfjZostf cg';f/sf] l8hfOg jf nfut cg'dfg kl/dfh{g u/fO{ :jLs[t ePsf] x'g' kg]{ cfly{s tyf ljz]if d"NofÍg u/L Go"gtd d"NoflÍt ;f/e"t ?kdf k|efju|fxL af]nkqsf] 5gf}6 ug{' kg]{

af]nkq hdfgtM- lgod M%#_ :jLs[t nfut cg'dfg /sdsf] b'O{b]lv tLg k|ltzt /sd, gub} jf jfl0fHo a} Ín] hf/L u/]sf] ;f] /sd a/fa/sf] af]nkq hdfgt x'g' kg]{ nfut cg'dfg /sd gv'Ng] jf OsfO{ b/ dfq v'Ng] cj:yfdf af]nkq hdfgtsf] nflu Psd'i6 /sd tf]Sg ;Sg] af]nkq hdfgtsf] dfGo cjlw af]nkqsf] dfGo cjlweGbf sDtLdf tL; lbg a9Lsf] x'g' kg]{ vf; jfl0fHo a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf] af]nkq hdfgt u|fXo x'g] gx'g] s'/f v'nfO{ lbg cg'/f]w u/]df tTsfn} hjfkm lbg' kg]{ -c/lgsf] ljsf; a}+s_ ljb]zL a}Ín] hf/L u/]sf] af]nkq hdfgt g]kfnleqsf] jfl0fHo a}sn] k|lt–k|Tofe"lt -sfpG6/ Uof/]G6L_ u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ -d]nDrL 6g]n ;Demf}tf_ af]nkqsf] dfGo x'g] cjlwleq vl/b ;Demf}tf u/L ;Sg' kg]{

af]nkqsf k|s[of / r/0f -bkmfM!!_ /sdsf] ;Ldf MaL;nfv ?k}ofF eGbf a9Lsf] lgdf{0f sfo{, dfn;fdfg jf cGo ;]jf vl/b ubf{ jf]nkqsf] dfWodåf/f vl/b ug'{ kg]{ v'nf af]nkq cfJxfg ubf{ cfjZostfg';f/ /fli6«o jf cGt//fli6«o af]nkqsf] dfWod x'g] af]nkqåf/f vl/b ug'{ kbf{ lgDg k|s[of ckgfpg' kg]{ -s_ k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f u/L -v_ k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f gu/L -kZrft of]Uotf_ -@ s/f]8 eGbf a9Lsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df _ . v'Nnf ?kdf cfXjfg ul/g] af]nkq Ps jf b'O{ r/0fdf cfXjfg ug{ ;lsg] One Stage Two Envelope (Technical & Financial in Separate Envelope) System -k|yd ;+zf]wgaf6 ul/Psf]_

l;naGbL b/efpkq - lgod M*$_ :jLs[t sfo{qmd / vl/b of]hgf cg';f/ aL; nfv ¿k}ofF;Dd nfut cg'dfg ePsf] dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf h'g;'s} ;]jf l;naGbL b/efpkq cfXjfg u/L vl/b ug{ ;Sg] krf; nfv ¿k}ofF;Ddsf] PS;/], Ol;hL, cf}iflwhGo dfn;fdfg, /f]usf] lgbfg tyf pkrf/sf] nflu k|of]u x'g] :jf:Yo ;DaGwL pks/0fx¿ vl/b ubf{ l;naGbL b/efpkq cfXjfg ug{ ;lsg] tLgeGbf sd l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z x'g cfPdf jf b/efpkq k]z g} gePdf s'g} s'/f pNn]v gu/L bf];|f] k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{ bf];|f] k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ klg cfjZos ;+Vofdf l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z x'g gcfPdf k]z x'g cfPsf b/efpkqdWo]af6 b/efpkq :jLs[t ug{ ;lsg] l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fd Ps xhf/ ?k}+ofF lt/L vl/b ug'{ kg]{ b/efpkqsf] kmf/fddf ;DalGwt lgsfosf] k|d'v jf lghn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt eO{ 5fk nfu]sf] x'g' kg]{

l;naGbL b/efpkq === b/efpkqsf] hdfgt dfu ubf{ :jLs[t nfut cg'dfg /sdsf] b'O{b]lv tLg k|ltzt /sdsf] ;Ldfleq /xL lglZrt hdfgt /sd pNn]v ug{' kg]{ hdfgt /sd gub jf jfl0fHo a} Íaf6 krxQ/ lbgsf] dfGo cjlw /xg] u/L hf/L ePsf] a} Í hdfgt -a} Í Uof/]G6L_ b/efp kq;fy k]z ug{' kg]{ b/efpkqsf] dfGo cjlw k+}tfnL; lbgsf] x'g] clGtd ;do ;lsPsf] nut} tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf ;Dej eP;Dd k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fd vf]Ng' kg]{ d"Nof+sg ;ldltn] l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] k/LIf0f / d"NofÍg ug]{{ l;naGbL b/efpkq vf]n]sf] ldltaf6 kGw| lbgleq :jLs[t ug'{ kg]{ / ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;a} l;naGbL b/efpkqbftfnfO{ lbg' kg]{ b/efpkq :jLs[t ePsf]] ;ft lbgleq ;DalGwt b/efpkqbftfnfO{ vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{ cfpg ;"rgf lbg' kg]{ ;"rgf k|fKt ug]{ l;njGbL b/efpkqbftfn] ;f] ;"rgf kfPsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt k]z u/L vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{' kg]{

;f]em} vl/b;DaGwL Joj:yf - lgod M*%_ kfFr nfv;Dd nfut cg'dfg ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{, dfn;fdfg jf k/fdz{ ;]jf, t/ aL; nfv ¿k}ofF;Ddsf] cf}iflwhGo dfn;fdfg jf g]kfndf pTkflbt kG„ nfv ¿k}ofF;Ddsf] dfn;fdfg pTkfbsn] /fli6«o:t/sf] ;dfrf/kqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf] laqmL d"Nodf ;f]em} vl/b ug{ ;lsg] / o;/L ;f}em} vl/b ubf{ pknAw eP;Dd g]kfn u'0f:t/ lrGx k|fKt dfn;fdfg vl/b ug{' kg]{ ljZj :jf:Yo ;Ë7gaf6 k"j{of]Uotf k|fKt Psdfq cf}iflw pTkfbs sDkgL ePsf]df To:tf] pTkfbsaf6 vl/b ug{' kbf{ ;f]em} jftf{ u/L hlt;'s} ¿k}ofF;Ddsf] eP klg To:tf] cf}iflwhGo dfn;fdfg vl/b ug{ ;lsg] Ps cfly{s jif{df Ps} k6s jf k6s k6s u/L ;LdfeGbf a9L /sdsf] jf Pp6} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfaf6 Ps k6seGbf a9L ;f]em} vl/b ug{ g;lsg]

;f]em} vl/b;DaGwL Joj:yf - lgod M*%_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lgdGq0ffdf g]kfn e|d0fdf /x]sf ljb]zL d'n'ssf] ;/sf/ jf cGt/f{li6«o cGt/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] clt ljlzi6 jf ljlzi6 JolQmnfO{ cfltYotf / xf]6naf; ;'ljwfsf] nflu krf; nfv ¿k}ofF;Dd ;f]em} vl/b ug{ ;lsg] ljb]z l:yt g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf; jf lgof]u /x]sf] ejg jf ckf6{d]G6sf] dd{t ug{' kbf{ kRrL; xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/;Dd ;f]em} vl/b ug{ ;lsg] cfk"lt{ ug]{ clwsf/ Pp6f dfq cfk"lt{stf{;F u ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf k|f]k|fO6/L dfn;fdfg jf cf}iflwhGo dfn;fdfg ;f] cfk"lt{stf{ jf lghsf cflwsfl/s las]|tf jf cflwsfl/s Ph]G6 dfkm{t vl/b ug{ ;lsg]

;f]em} vl/b;DaGwL Joj:yf - lgod M*%_ ;fj{hlgs lgsfonfO{ cfjZos kg]{ dfn;fdfgsf] pTkfbs g]kfndf Pp6f dfq ePsf] / cGo pko'Qm ljsNk gePdf vl/b ug]{ ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf] k|d'vn] ;f]xL Joxf]/f clen]v u/L pTkfbs;Fu ;f]em} vl/b ug{ ;lsg] pTkfbsaf6 ;f]em} vl/b ubf{ b]xfosf zt{x? k"/f ug'{ kg]{ M -s_ pTkfbsn] cfkm\gf] pTkfbgsf] v'b|f tyf l8n/ laqmL d"No;"rL /fli6«o:t/sf] ;dfrf/kqdf k|sfzg u/]sf] -v_ pTkfbsn] :yfgLo l8n/nfO{ lbP ;/xsf] 5'6 vl/b ug]{ ;fj{hlgs lgsfonfO{ lbPsf]

;f]em} vl/b;DaGwL Joj:yf - lgod M*%_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L :jb]zL 3/]n' pBf]u pTkflbt kRrL; nfv ¿k}ofF;Ddsf] dfn;fdfg Ps nfv ?k}ofF eGbf a9L /sdsf] ;f]em} vl/b ubf{ df}h'bf ;"rLdf /x]sf sDtLdf tLgj6f k|bfosaf6 lnlvt?kdf b/efpkq jf k|:tfj dfu u/L vl/b ug'{ kg]{ k|f]kfO6/L dfn;fdfg ;f]em} vl/b ubf{ ;fljs ;Demf}tf d"Nosf] tL; k|ltzt d"No;Dd vl/b ug{ ;lsg] ;fj{hlgs lgsfoaf6 pTkflbt jf ljtl/t s'g} dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf vl/b ug{' k/]df To:tf] dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf pTkfbg jf ljt/0f ug]{ ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf] clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Laf6 lgwf{l/t laqmL d"Nodf 3/]n' pBf]u;Fu vl/b ;Demf}tf u/L] ;f]em} vl/b ug{ ;Sg]

cdfgtaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpg] - lgod M(*_ cdfgtaf6 sfd ug{ Ps tx dflysf] clwsf/Lsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{ ;f] sfdsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ k|fljlws ;]jf / lgdf{0f ;fdu|L ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g / lgodfjnLsf] k|ls|of adf]lhd vl/b u/L Hofnfdf sfd u/fpg' kg]{ cdfgtaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{ ug'{ k/]df To:tf] sfd Psnfv ?k}+of F df ga9fO{ v08 v08 u/L jftf{af6 u/fpg jf lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfd cfjZos lgdf{0f ;fdu|L pknAw u/fO{ Hofnfdf lbg ;lsg]

df}h'bf ;"rL -:6flG8Ë lni6_ tof/ ug]{ Joj:yf -bkmf ^s, lgod M!*_ df}h'bf ;"rL tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M k|To]s ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] vl/bsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL, k/fdz{bftf, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf jf ;]jf k|bfossf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/df 5'§f5'§} ;"rL tof/ ug'{ kg]{ of]Uotfsf cfwf/ M k]zfut / k|fljlws of]Uotf, pks/0fsf] pknAwtf, ljutsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg, laqmL kl5sf] ;]jfsf] Joj:yf, hu]8f kf6k"hf{sf] pknAwtf, sfg"gL ;Ifdtf, ljQLo ;|f]t / cj:yf, k ]zfut s;"/ u/] jfktsf] ;hfo / o:t} cGo cfwf/x? pNn]v ug{ ;lsg] -bkmf !)-@__ lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ M cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL, k/fdz{bftf, u}/;/sf/L ;+ :yf jf ;]jf k|bfosn] ;"rLdf ;dfj]z x'g rfx]df tf]lsPsf] sfuhft ;lxt lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ df}h'bf ;"rL cBfjlws ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf] x'g]

df}h'bf ;"rL -:6flG8Ë lni6_ tof/ ug]{ Joj:yf df}h'bf ;"rLdf btf{ x'g jf cBfjlws x'g rfxg] JolQm, ;+:yf, cfk"lt{stf{, lgdf{0f Joj;foL, k/fdz{bftf, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf jf ;]jf k|bfosn] sfuhftsf] k|ltlnlk ;+nUg u/L lgj]bg lbg' kg]{ - lgod M!*_ -s_ ;+:yf jf kmd{ btf{sf] k|df0fkq, -v_ :yfoL n]vf gDa/ jf d"No clej[l4 s/ btf{sf] k|df0fkq, -u_ s/ r'Qmf k|df0fkq, / -3_ cfjZostf cg';f/sf] Joj;flos Ohfhtkq . k|fKt ePsf] lgj]bgdf cfjZos hfFra'em u/L btf{ lg:;f lgj]bsnfO{ lbg' kg]{ lgsfon] 5'§f5'§} df}h'bf ;"rLsf] ljj/0f clen]v /fvL k|To]s cfly{s jif{df cBfjlws ug{' kg]{ df}h'bf ;"rLsf] ljj/0f lhNnf l:yt sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{no / lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf] ;"rgfkf6Ldf 6fF; u/L jf ;DalGwt ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf] j]a;fO6df /fVg' kg]{ -cw{ jflif{s ?kdf k|sfzg ug]{_ df}h'bf ;"rLdf g/x]sf af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ ;fj{hlgs lgsfoaf6 cfXjfg ePsf] l;naGbL b/efpkq, af]nkq jf k|:tfjdf efu lng jl~rt ug{ gkfOg]

k|fljlws kIf / ahf/df k|rlnt vl/b ;Demf}tf vl/b;DaGwL k|fljlws s'/f ;dfwfg ug{ ,cfk"lt{stf{sf] pknAwtf olsg ug{ ahf/df k|rlnt vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] hfgsf/L lng] M vl/b ;+emf}tfsf k|sf/ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] vl/b ;Demf}tf -s_ PsfO{ b/ ;Demf}tf -v_ Psd'i6 /sd ;Demf}tfM -u_ nfut ;f]wegf{ ;Demf}tfM -3_ ;do / ;fdu|L b/ ;Demf}tf -ª_ l8hfOg / lgdf{0f ;Demf}tf -r_ Joj:yfkg ;Demf}tf -5_ sfo{;Dkfbgdf cfwfl/t dd{t ;Def/ jf Joj:yfkg ;Demf}tf -h_ lk;js{ ;Demf}tfM k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf -s_ Psd'i6 /sd ;Demf}tf -v_ ;doj¢ ;Demf}tfM -u_ sfo{ ;DkGgtfsf] cfwf/df z'Ns lbO{g] ;Demf}tf -3_ k|ltztdf cfwfl/t ;Demf}tf -ª_ ;]jf ;do lglZrt gePsf] ;Demf}tfM dfn;fdfg jf cGo ;]jfsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf -s_ vf; dfn;fdfg jf cGo ;]jf cfk"lt{ ;Demf}tfM -v_ ;+/rgfTds jf PsfO{ b/ ;Demf}tfM -u_ ax'jifL{o ;Demf}tf -3_ l8hfO{g, cfk"lt{ / h8fg ;Demf}tf -ª_ 6g{ sL ;Demf}tfM 47

vl/b of]hgf ;fdfGotM vl/b ug'{ cl3 tof/ ul/g] Ps sfuhft . ljj/0f xf] h:n]] vl/b sfo{x?sf] qmda¢ ljj/0f tof/ u/L vl/b sfo{sf] k"j{ lgwf{/0fsf] sfo{ ub{5 s'g} klg vl/b ug]{ lgsfon] cfˆgf] lgsfo cGtu{t ul/g] ;Dk"0f{ vl/b;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ ;"rLs[t u/L ;f] lqmofsnfkx? ;fj{hlgs vl/b sfg"g cGtu{t r/0fa4 ?kdf nfUg] ;donfO{ Wofgdf /fvL sfg"gL Joj:yf, sfo{ r/0f / cfjZostfcg'?k vl/b sfo{x?sf] nflu tof/ ul/g] of]hgfnfO{ vl/b of]hgf elgG5 . o:tf] of]hgf lgdf{0f sfo{, dfn;fdfg, k/fdz{ tyf cGo ;]jfsf] ;du| ?kdf tof/ kfl/G5 vl/b of]hgf b'O{ k|sf/sf] x'G5 M -!_ vl/b u'? of]hgf -Master Procurement Plan_ -@_ jflif{s vl/b of]hgf -Annual Procurement Plan_

gd"gf M vl/b u'? of]hgf jflif{s vl/b 1 & vf; 2 $ - 3 4 ( 5 # 6 % 7 8 vl/bsf] ljj/0f -lgdf{0f, k/fdz{, dfn;fdfg, cGo_ vl/b ljlw cg'dflgt /sd -nfv_ Kofs]h ;+Vof ;Demf}tfsf] lsl;d jflif{s vl/b s}lkmot k|yd jif{ &#.&$ b]f>f] jif{ &$.&% t]>f] jif{ &%.&^ rf}yf] jif{ &^.&& kfFrf}+ jif{ &&.&* 1 PSTN Fixed Line Phones (Goods) ICB/LCB !))))) & vf; @)) @))))) @)))) 2 CDMA Phone Service (Goods) !#))& $ ^))) &))) - 3 Internet & Email Services (Consulting) QCBS !)))) Lump- sum %))) @))) !))) 4 Intelligent Network (Civil Works) ICB/ LCB !$)))) ( Unit Rate !) ^))))) $))))) 5 GSM Mobile Phones (Goods) ICB #)))) # !%))) 6 IVR Services (Consulting) QBS/QCBS % Percentage-Based $) $)))) 7 IPTV / Video on Demand (Goods) %)))) Frame work 8 IP Based Internet Service (Consulting) QBS Time based tof/ ug]{ clws[t . b:tvt / ldlt sfof{no k|d'v. b:tvt / ldlt ljefluo k|d'v. ;lrjM b:tvt.ldlt kb M kbM kbM

jflif{s vl/b of]hgf gd"gf 9fFrf l;=g+= vl/b sfo{sf] ljj/0f nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t ug]{ ldlt cg'dflgt nfut -? xxhf/df_ vl/b ljlw Kofs]h ;+Vof ;Demf}tfsf] lsl;d af]nkq sfuhft tof/L ldlt af]nkq sfuhft :jLs[t ldlt af]nkq cfJxfg ldlt af]nkq vf]lng] ldlt d"Nof+sg ;DkGg ug]{ ldlt af]nkq :jLs[tLsf] cfzo / :jLs[t ldlt vl/b ;Demf}tf ldlt sfo{ z'? ug]{ ldlt sfo{;DkGg ug]{ ldlt ! ejg lgdf{0f @)^%.$.!% !@)))) /fli6o af]nkq # PsfO{b/ )^%=%=!% )^%=%=!& )^%=%=@! )^%=^=@! )^%=&=^ )^%=&=@& )^%=*=% )^%=*=!@ )^^=*=!% @ ;8s lgdf{0f @)^%=$=@) ^)))) nfut ;f]wegf{ )^%=%=! )^%=%=& )^%=%=( )^%=^=!) )^%=^=@% )^%=&=!& )^%=&=@$ )^%=&=#! )^%=#=! kmlg{r/ vl/b @)^%$=!& *)) b/efpkq vf; dfn;fdfg )^%=$=@% )^%=$=@& )^%=%=!# )^%=%=@) )^%=%=@& )^%=^=$ )^%=^=!! $ sDKo"6/ vl/b @)^%=$=!( ()) % d;nGb vl/b @)^%=$=& $)) )^%=$=!) )^%=$=!% )^%=$=!& )^%=$=#@ )^%=%=!( )^%=#=!% 50

vl/b of]hgf tof/ ubf{ Wofgdf /fVg' kg]{ k|d'v kIfx? != ck]lIft pknAwL lbdfudf /fv]/ z'? ug'{ kb{5 -cfjZos dfn;fdfg, ljz]if1 ;]jfsf] k|sf/, ;8s lgdf{0f cflb_ @= cfjZostfsf] klxrfg ug]{ z'?sf] ;do b]lv g} vl/b;DaGwL 1fg ePsf] cg'ejL k]zfljbsf] ;xof]u lng' kb{5 #= vl/b cfjZostf;Fu ;DaGwLt ax'ljefuLo kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;+o'St sfo{bnsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ $= ah]6 ljlgof]hgsf] ljZj:ttf x'g' kb{5 %= k|fljlws ljj/0f ljsf; ug{ jf sfo{If]qut zt{ ljsf; ug{ k|fljlws ;xfotfsf] cfjZostf eP gePsf] PsLg ug'{ k5{ ^= c? vl/b cfjZostfdf e/kg]{ jf gkg]{ s'/fsf] klxrfg ug'{ kg]{ &= ahf/df pknAw x'g] jf gx'g] lglZrt ul/g' k5{ *= ldNb]f h'Nbf] cfjZostf PsqLt ug]{ s'/f x]g'{ cfjZos (= vl/b ljlwsf] rfF8f] lglZrttf u/]/ s/f/ ;Demf}tf ug]{ ck]lIft ldlt jf:tljs agfpg' k5{

k'g/fjnf]sg;DaGwL Joj:yf vl/b sfo{sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ? @ s/f]8;Dd ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf k|d'v / ;f] eGbf a9L k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] af]nkq jf k|:tfj :jLs[t ug]{ cfzokq lbPsf] cjlw & lbg leq o:tf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ lgj]bg lbg' kg]{ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] lg0f{o lbg' kg]{ vl/b ;+emf}tf eO{ g;s]sf] cj:yf M vl/b lgsfosf] lg0f{o cjnDag gug{ cfb]z lbg], k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf /2 ug{ jf k'gM d"Nof+sgsf] cfb]z lbg] Joj:yf /x]sf] ph'/Lstf{sf] lgj]bg vf/]h e} w/f}6L hkmt ;d]t x'g] Joj:yf 5 . vl/b ;+emf}tf eO{;s]sf] cj:yfM ;+emf}tf lgj]bsn] kfpg' kYof]{ eGg] k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltnfO{ nfu]df lgj]bsnfO{ k/]sf] dsf{ ljrf/ u/L dgfl;a dflkmssf] /sd lgj]bsnfO{ e'StfgL ug{ ;fj{hlgs lgsfonfO{ l;kmfl/z ug]{ dfldnf M Ps ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] -u'NdL_ d'NofFsg ug]{ ;dodf a}+s hdfgtsf] k|ltlnlk ;+nUg u/]sf] cfwf/df d'NofFsg gu/L afFsL af]nkqbftfx?sf] af]nkq d'NofFsg u/L :jLs[t ug]{ cfzosf] ;'rgf lbg] ;do ePsf]df ;f] ;'rgf ubf{ ;Ssn hdfgt ;dfj]z u/L af]nkq k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ lgj]bg lbPsf k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;lsg] ls g;lsg] <

k'g/fjnf]sg;DaGwL Joj:yf lgj]bg ;fy hdfgt /fVg'kg]{ M af]nkqbftfn] saf]n u/]sf] c+ssf] )=!% /sd gub} jf a}+s hdfgt ;fy lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ -klxnf )=%)_ lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf] tLg lbgleq k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] lgj]bg / ;+nUg sfuhft ;d]tsf] k|ltlnlk ;DaGwLt lgsfodf k7fO{ sfd sf/afxLsf] hfgsf/L / k|ltls|of lbg ;"rgf ug{' kg]{ ;"rgf k|fKt u/]sf] tLg lbgleq ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] ;f] ;DaGwL hfgsf/L / k|ltls|of k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltnfO{ lbg' kg]{ k|fKt ePsf] hfgsf/L / k|ltls|of, lgj]bsn] lgj]bgsf ;fy k]z u/]sf] k|df0f, sfuhftsf cfwf/df / cfjZos eP b'j} kIfnfO{ a'emL lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf] tL; lbgleq k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] lg0fo{ ug'{ kg]{

vl/b ;Demf}tf;DaGwL Joj:yf vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{sf] nflu sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt bflvnf ug{ ;"rgf lbg'' kg]{ M cfzosf] ;"rgf lbPsf] ;ft lbgsf] cjlwleq s'g} af]nkqbftfn] k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu lgj]bg gu/]df 5gf}6 ePsf] af]nkqbftfsf] af]nkq :jLs[t u/L lghnfO{ kGw| lbgleq vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{sf] nflu sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt bflvnf ug{ ;"rgf lbg'' kg]{ vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{' kg]{ M kGw| lbgsf] cjlwleq ;DalGwt af]nkqbftfn] sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt bflvnf u/L vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{' kg{]

af]nkq c:jLs[t . vl/b sf/afxL /2 ug]{ cj:yf s'g} klg af]nkq ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL gePdf, -k|fljlws :k]lzlkms]zg / vl/b ;Demf}tfsf zt{ cg'?k ;f/e"t ?kdf k|efju|fxL eP jf gePsf] _ Go"g d"NofFlst af]nkqbftfn] sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgt k]z gu/L ;Demf}tf gu/]df_ Go"gtd d"Nofl°t k|efju|fxL af]nkqsf] af]n c+s nfut cg'dfg eGbf ;f/e"t ?kdf a9L ePdf dfu ul/Psf] dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{, k/fdz{ ;]jf jf cGo ;]jf cfjZos gePdf . af]nkqbftfn] cfk;df ldnf]dtf] u/L af]nkq bflvnf u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf s]lx af]nkqx? jf Pp6f dfq af]nkq ;f/e"t ?kdf k|efju|fxL ePsf]] sf/0fn] dfq af]nkq cl:js[t ug{ jf k'gM af]nkq cfÅjfg ug{ g;lsg] -bkmf @^-@__ dfldnf M k'n lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu af]nkq cfJxfg ul/Psf]df Ps dfq af]nkq k/]sf]n] vf]Ng] ls gvf]Ng] l2ljwf ePsf] 5 , o; cj:yfdf vf]Ng] ls gvf]Ng]<

ah]6 tyf lgdf{0f:ynsf] Joj:yf -lgodM^_ cfly{s >f]t Plsg ug]{ M lgdf{0f:yn / ah]6 Joj:yf geO{ vl/b sf/AffxL z'? ug{' x'Fb}g . ah]6 Joj:yf geP klg vl/b sf/afxL z'? ug{ ;lsg] cj:yfx? M ax'jif{L{o ;Demf}tf M klxnf] jif{sf] nflu cfjZos ah]6 Joj:yf ePkl5 cGo jif{sf] nflu vl/b sf/afxL ug{, vl/b ;DaGwL] k|f/lDes tof/L M l;naGbL b/efpkq jf af]nkq cfXjfg ug]{, k"j{of]Uotfsf] b/vf:t cfXjfg ug]{, k/fdz{bftfsf] ;"rL tof/ ug{ ;"rgf k|sfzg ug{], k|:tfj dfu ug{] jf l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] kmf/fd, af]nkq jf k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft jf k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhft pknAw u/fpg] h:tf sfo{ ug{ . ;dGjo ug]{ lgsfox?;++u ;dGjo -jg, k|zf;g, ljB't cflb_ 56 56

ljz]if kl/l:yltdf vl/b ug]{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf -bkmf ^^_ ljz]if kl/l:ylt / tTsfn ug'{ kg]{ vl/b ;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0fsf] hfgsf/L Ps tx dflysf] clwsf/LnfO{ lbg' kg]{ vl/bsf] cfjZostfsf] lnlvt ljj/0f, u'0f :t/, kl/df0f, zt{ / sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ cjlw h:tf ljj/0f tof/ u/L cfsl:ds kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug{ cfjZos kl/df0f / ;dfofjlwsf nflu dfq oyf;Dej k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ jf Pp6f dfq lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfos;Fu lnlvt b/efp jf k|:tfj lnO{ :jR5 / plrt d"Nosf] nflu jftf{ u/L vl/b ug{' kg]{5 . -@)^$.^% df ;'v]{tsf] d]x]ns'gfdf emf]n'+u] k'n elTsg uO{ Jofks wg hgsf] Iflt e} tTsfn ;j{;fwf/0fsf] nflu emf]n'+u] k'n lgdf{0f ug'{ kbf{ ckgfO{Psf] ljlw_ sfuhft clen]vdf /fVg' kg]{M— -s_ ljz]if kl/l:ylt ;DaGwL ljj/0f, -v_ tTsfn vl/b gubf{ ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff, lxt tyf ;fd'bflos :jf:Yodf kg]{ ;+s6, -u_ vl/bsf cGo ljlw ckgfpg g;lsg] sf/0f / cfwf/ ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] bznfv ?k}ofF eGbf a9L /sdsf] vl/b u/]sf] ePdf To:tf] lgsfon] To;/L vl/b ePsf] ljj/0fsf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 / ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{nonfO{ k7fpg' kg]{ 57 57

ljz]if kl/l:yltdf vl/b ug]{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf æljz]if kl/l:yltÆ eGgfn] -bkmfM@-9__M ;'Vvf, cgfj[li6, cltj[li6, e"sDk, af9L, klx/f], cfunflu h:tf k|fs[lts jf b}jL k|sf]k tyf cfsl:Dfs jf ck|Toflzt ljz]if sf/0faf6 ;[lht kl/l:ylt tyf ædxfdf/L Æ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] o'4 jf cfGtl/s åGb h:tf kl/l:ylt ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg] ljz]if kl/l:ylt pTkGg eO{ tTsfn vl/b gubf{ ;fj{hlgs lgsfonfO{ yk xflg gf]S;fgL x'g] cj:yf cfO{ k/]df ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] tTsfn vl/b ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 . 58 58

vl/b P]gsf] vl/b k|lqmof ckgfpg' gkg]{ cj:yf -bkmf ^&_ P]gsf] k|lqmofadf]lhd ;'/Iff, ;fdl/s jf k|lt/Iff ;DaGwL vl/b ug{ /fli6«o ;'/Iff jf k|lt/Iff;DaGwL b[li6sf]0faf6 pko'Qm gx'g] egL g]kfn ;/sf/n] lg0f{o u/]df jf -5'6\6} sfo{ljlw ;d]t lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{_ g]kfn ;/sf/ / bft[ kIfaLr ePsf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd ;f] kIfsf vl/b lgb]{lzsf -k|f]So"/d]06 ufO{8nfOG;_ cg'?k vl/b ug'{k/]df rf}yf] ;+zf]wgaf6 yk M lghL If]q;+u k|lt:kwf{ u/L Jofkfl/s sf/f]jf/ ug]{ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] Joj;fo ;+rfng ug{sf] nflu s'g} dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf vl/b ug'{k/]df ;fdflhs ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmd jf cf}Bf]lus, cfly{s, k|ljlw k|bz{g / k|a4{gsf] nflu ljb]zdf cfof]hgf x'g] d]nf, dxf]T;j, 6]8km]o/ jf k|bz{gL h:tf sfo{sf] nflu tf]lsP adf]lhd ljb]zdf vl/b ug'{ k/]df ljb]zl:yt g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf;, lgof]u h:tf lgsfon] dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf vl/b ug'{k/]df ljdfg ;]jf ;+rfng ug{ :jLs[t k|fKt ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] PlePzg jf ljdfg;Fu ;DaGwLt pks/0f vl/b ug'{ k/]df pNn]lvt vl/bsf nflu cfjZos sfo{ljlw agfO{ PPMO sf] ;xdlt lnO{ :jLs[t u/fO{ nfu' ug'{ kg]{ -lahg]z Knfg, nfO{km ;fO{sn, / g]6 k|]h]G6 e]No" ;d]tsf s'/f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{_

ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWodsf] k|of]u -bkmf ^(, lgod !$^_ ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] Pp6f dfq kf]6{n /xg] u/L ljB'tLo vl/b k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf, ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg ug]{ o;/L :yfkgf ePsf] ljB'tLo vl/b k|0ffnLdf cfj4 eO{ ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] vl/b sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug{' kg]{ ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] vl/b sfo{ ubf{ ljB'tLo vl/b k|0ffnLsf] kf]6{ndf btf{ eO{ vl/b sf/afxL ;~rfng ug{' kg]{ ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] ljB'tLo vl/b k|0ffnLaf6 x'g] vl/bsf] sfo{ljlw, k|0ffnL / o;sf cGt/lglxt l;4fGt ;do ;dodf hf/L ug]{

sfnf] ;"lrdf /fVg] / km's'jf ug]{ -bkmfM^#_ JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLnfO{ lghsf] sfo{sf] ufDeLo{tfsf] cfwf/df ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] Ps jif{ b]lv tLg jif{;Dd sfnf] ;"lrdf /fVg ;Sg] cj:yfx? M cfr/0f ljk/Lt sfd u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf, :jLs[ltsf] nflu 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfjbftf ;Demf}tf ug{ gcfPdf, vl/b ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ubf{ ;f/e"t q'l6 u/]sf] jf bfloTj ;f/e"t ?kdf kfngf gu/]sf] jf vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] u'0f:t/sf] gePsf] s'/f kl5 k|dfl0ft ePdf, vl/b ;Demf}tfdf efu lng cof]Uo 7xl/g] kmf}Hbf/L s;'/df cbfntaf6 bf]ifL 7xl/Pdf, of]Uotf 9fF6L jf em'Sofgdf kf/L vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft x'g cfPdf, jf

sfnf] ;"lrdf /fVg] / km's'jf ug]{ -bkmfM^#_ sfnf];"rLdf /flvPsf] JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLn] ;f]xL cjlw;Dd ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf] vl/b sf/afxLdf efu lng ;Sg] 5}g a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] C0f glt/L k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfon] sfnf] ;"rLdf /fv]sf] JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLn] To:tf] ;"rLdf sfod /x]sf] cjlw e/ ;fj{hlgs vl/b sf/afxLdf efu lng ;Sg] 5}g ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] sfnf] ;"rLdf /fVg' k/]df To; ;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f / sf/0f v'nfO{ ;DaWb sfuhft ;lxt ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{nonfO{ n]vL k7fpg' kg]{

vl/b sf/jfxLsf] clen]v sfo{ -!$(_ vl/b sf/jfxLsf] clen]v vl/b O{sfO{df /fVg' kg]{] ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL adf]lhd k|To]s Kofs]hsf] qmda4 ?kdf vl/b sf/jfxLsf] clen]v /fVg' kg]{ Joj:yf ePsf] vl/b sf/jfxLsf] clen]v cg';f/ ef}lts ;Dkltsf] clen]v /fVg' kg]{ krf; nfv eGbf a9L d"Nosf] ef}lts ;Dkltsf] clen]vdf nfut d"No,x|f;s6\6L / dd{t ;Def/ vr{sf] ljj/0f v'nfpg] Joj:yf

;fj{hlgs vl/b sfg"gsf] sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx? vl/b of]hgf tof/ gu/L vl/b sfo{ ug]{ / tof/ u/]klg k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog gx'g] vl/b sfg"gsf] vl/b;DaGwL tof/L k"/f gu/L vl/b sfo{ ug]{ -g]jflgsf] hxfh vl/b==_ k|lt:kwf{Tds ljlwnfO{ k|fyldstf glbO{ ;f]em} vl/b ljlw k|of]u ug]{ nfut cg'dfg tof/ / cBfjlws gug]{ ] Gfd"gf af]nkq tyf k|:tfj;DaGwL sfuhft af/]df 1fgsf] ckof{Kttf k|fljlws :k]l;lkms]zg tof/ ug]{ sfo{ q'6Lk"0f{ ePsf]n] a|f08sf] cfwf/df dfn;fdfg vl/b ug]{ sfo{ tkm{ pGd"v x'g] u/]sf] vl/b s/f/ ;Demf}tf k|zf;g k|efjsf/L x'g g;s]sf],

;fj{hlgs vl/b sfg"gsf] sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx? Go"gtd d"NofFlstsf] ;6\6f Go"gtd /sdsf] af]nkq :jLs[t ug]{ k|0ffnL cem} ljZj:t x'g g;s]sf] -k|x/Lsf] hf8f] Hofs]6 lag}=====_ vl/b O{sfOsf] u7g sfo{ k|efjsf/L x'g g;Sg' M ljj]szLntfsf] k|of]u ug{ lxrlsrfx6sf] sf/0fn] k'gM af]nkq ug]{ sfo{ ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{nosf] cg'udgsf] k|efjsf/L x'g g;s]sf] ljB'tLo vl/b k|0ffnL k|efjsf/L ;dohGotf ljz]if kl/l:yltsf] k|of]u ug]{ cj:yf -;fs{sf] tof/L, g]kfnL ;]gfsf] x]lnsf]K6/ vl/b k|;+u, cflb_

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