Compiler Structures 1. Overview Objective

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Presentation transcript:

Compiler Structures 1. Overview Objective 242-437, Semester 2, 2018-2019 1. Overview Objective what are the main features (structures) in a compiler?

Overview 1. What is a Compiler? 2. Structure of a Compiler 3. Example Compilation 4. Compiler Design Issues 5. Compilers and Interpreters

1. What is a Compiler? A compiler reads a program written in one language and translates it into another language. The source language is high-level (e.g. C), and the target language is low-level (e.g. machine code). program in a source language program in a target language compiler

The target program is run later. Input Compiler Target Program Source Program Target Program Compile-time Error messages Runtime Error messages Output

2. Structure of a Compiler Source Program 2. Structure of a Compiler ? Target Lang. Prog.

Structure of a Compiler Source Program Structure of a Compiler Front End Intermediate Code Back End Target Lang. Prog.

Structure of a Compiler Source Program Structure of a Compiler Lexical Analyzer Front End Syntax Analyzer Semantic Analyzer Int. Code Generator Intermediate Code Back End Target Lang. Prog.

Structure of a Compiler Source Program Structure of a Compiler Lexical Analyzer Front End Syntax Analyzer Semantic Analyzer Int. Code Generator This course will concentrate on the "front end" tasks performed by a compiler. Intermediate Code Code Optimizer Back End Target Code Generator Target Lang. Prog.

3. Example Compilation Source Program Lexical Analyzer Syntax Analyzer Source Code: cur_time = start_time + cycles * 60 Syntax Analyzer Semantic Analyzer Int. Code Generator Intermediate Code Code Optimizer Target Code Generator Target Lang. Prog.

Example Compilation Source Program Lexical Analyzer Syntax Analyzer Source Code: cur_time = start_time + cycles * 60 Lexical Analysis: ID(1) ASSIGN ID(2) ADD ID(3) MULT INT(60) Syntax Analyzer Semantic Analyzer Int. Code Generator Intermediate Code Code Optimizer Target Code Generator Target Lang. Prog.

Example Compilation Source Program Lexical Analyzer Syntax Analyzer Source Code: cur_time = start_time + cycles * 60 Lexical Analysis: ID(1) ASSIGN ID(2) ADD ID(3) MULT INT(60) Syntax Analysis: ASSIGN ID(1) ADD ID(2) MULT ID(3) INT(60) Syntax Analyzer Semantic Analyzer Int. Code Generator Intermediate Code Code Optimizer Target Code Generator Target Lang. Prog.

Example Compilation Source Program Lexical Analyzer Syntax Analyzer Syntax Analysis: ASSIGN ID(1) ADD ID(2) MULT ID(3) INT(60) Sematic Analysis: ID(3) int2float INT(60) Lexical Analyzer Syntax Analyzer Semantic Analyzer Int. Code Generator Intermediate Code Code Optimizer Target Code Generator Target Lang. Prog.

Example Compilation Source Program Lexical Analyzer Syntax Analyzer Sematic Analysis: ASSIGN ID(1) ADD ID(2) MULT ID(3) int2float INT(60) Intermediate Code: temp1 = int2float(60) temp2 = id3 * temp1 temp3 = id2 + temp2 id1 = temp3 Syntax Analyzer Semantic Analyzer Int. Code Generator Intermediate Code Code Optimizer Target Code Generator Target Lang. Prog.

Example Compilation Source Program Lexical Analyzer Syntax Analyzer Intermediate Code: temp1 = int2float(60) temp2 = id3 * temp1 temp3 = id2 + temp2 id1 = temp3 Optimized Code (step 0): Lexical Analyzer Syntax Analyzer Semantic Analyzer Int. Code Generator Intermediate Code Code Optimizer Target Code Generator Target Lang. Prog.

Example Compilation Source Program Lexical Analyzer Syntax Analyzer Intermediate Code: temp1 = int2float(60) temp2 = id3 * temp1 temp3 = id2 + temp2 id1 = temp3 Optimized Code (step 1): temp1 = 60.0 Lexical Analyzer Syntax Analyzer Semantic Analyzer Int. Code Generator Intermediate Code Code Optimizer Target Code Generator Target Lang. Prog.

Example Compilation Source Program Lexical Analyzer Syntax Analyzer Intermediate Code: temp1 = int2float(60) temp2 = id3 * temp1 temp3 = id2 + temp2 id1 = temp3 Optimized Code (step 2): temp2 = id3 * 60.0 Lexical Analyzer Syntax Analyzer Semantic Analyzer Int. Code Generator Intermediate Code Code Optimizer Target Code Generator Target Lang. Prog.

Example Compilation Source Program Lexical Analyzer Syntax Analyzer Intermediate Code: temp1 = int2float(60) temp2 = id3 * temp1 temp3 = id2 + temp2 id1 = temp3 Optimized Code (step 3): temp2 = id3 * 60.0 id1 = id2 + temp2 Lexical Analyzer Syntax Analyzer Semantic Analyzer Int. Code Generator Intermediate Code Code Optimizer Target Code Generator Target Lang. Prog.

Example Compilation Source Program Lexical Analyzer Syntax Analyzer Intermediate Code: temp1 = int2float(60) temp2 = id3 * temp1 temp3 = id2 + temp2 id1 = temp3 Optimized Code: temp1 = id3 * 60.0 id1 = id2 + temp1 Lexical Analyzer Syntax Analyzer Semantic Analyzer Int. Code Generator Intermediate Code Code Optimizer Target Code Generator Target Lang. Prog.

Example Compilation Source Program Lexical Analyzer Syntax Analyzer Intermediate Code: temp1 = int2float(60) temp2 = id3 * temp1 temp3 = id2 + temp2 id1 = temp3 Optimized Code: temp1 = id3 * 60.0 id1 = id2 + temp1 Target Code: MOVF id3, R2 MULF #60.0, R2 MOVF id2, R1 ADDF R2, R1 MOVF R1, id1 Lexical Analyzer Syntax Analyzer Semantic Analyzer Int. Code Generator Intermediate Code Code Optimizer Target Code Generator Target Lang. Prog.

4. Compiler Design Issues Correctness does the target do the 'same' as the source? Speed (compile time and runtime) code optimizations multiple passes over code Memory space required Good feedback to user error reporting

5. Compilers and Interpreters A compiler generates a target program that can be run later. Input Compiler Target Program Source Program Target Program Compile-time Error messages Runtime Error messages Output

An interpreter 'compiles' and runs the source program all at once it usually executes the intermediate code Source Program interpreter Output Input Error messages