Bell Ringer QUESTION #150 QUESTION #151 QUESTION #152 QUESTION #153 Answer the following questions in the EOC Practice Packet in the back of your INB: QUESTION #150 QUESTION #151 QUESTION #152 QUESTION #153 QUESTION #154 QUESTION #155

Question 150 What constitutional issue was raised by President Johnson’s Great Society? a. Should taxes be raised to stimulate consumer spending? b. What foreign imports should be allowed into the United States? c. How far can the federal government extend itself in helping the less fortunate? d. Should certain key industries be taken over by the federal government?

Question 151 This statement expresses President Lyndon B. Johnson’s believe that the— a. federal government is solely responsible for the war on poverty b. court system must be held accountable for poverty c. problem of poverty is easily solved d. entire country must help in the struggle against poverty “[T]he war against poverty will not be won here in Washington. It must be won in the field, in every private home, in every public office, from the courthouse to the White House….” --President Lyndon B. Johnson State of the Union Address January 8, 1964

Question 152 Which factor has contributed most to the trend shown in the graph? a. Recent constitutional amendments have allowed African Americans to run for office. b. Congressional legislation has helped to increase African-American participation in government. c. Technological advances allow African-American candidates to campaign more effectively. d. African-Americans have gained the resources necessary to pay poll taxes.

Question 153 A major goal of Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society was to— a. solve the problems of poverty, hunger, and racial injustice b. make state and local authorities pay for Federal social programs c. increase the number of Senators and members of the House of Representatives d. stimulate private enterprise by eliminating Federal regulation of industry

Question 154 Which factor best explains the situations shown in the graph? a. an increase in imports of consumer goods from foreign nations b. an increase in the wages of agricultural and household service workers c. and increase in education opportunities combined with affirmative action programs d. a growing refusal by blue-collar employers to hire African-Americans

Question 155 In the 1960s and 1970s, the Great Society programs and the Vietnam War demonstrated to the American people that— a. racism can be eliminated through governmental actions b. strong Presidents can exercise power without creating public controversy c. major problems can be solved without increasing the size and cost of the Federal Government d. spending money and using modern technology do not necessarily solve problems

The Civil Rights Movement Essential Question: How did the Civil Rights Movement change the United States?

TEKS and Objectives We will… I will… (9A) trace the historical development of the Civil Rights Movement (9C) identify the roles of MLK and Rosa Parks (9E) discuss the impact of writings of MLK on the Civil Rights Movement (9F) describe desegregation of the armed forces and the Civil Rights of 1957 and 1964 (9G) describe the roles of George Wallace, Orvall Faubus, Lester Maddox, and the Congressional bloc of Southern Democrats (9I) describe how Brown v. Board of Education and Sweatt v. Painter played a role in protecting the rights of the minority during the Civil Rights Movement (17D) identify how affirmative action created economic opportunities for citizens and analyze the unintended consequences (21A) analyze the effects of Brown v. Board of Education and Plessy v. Ferguson (23A) identify and analyze lobbying, non-violent protesting, litigation, and amendments to the U.S. Constitution (24B) evaluate the contributions of Thurgood Marshall and Billy Graham complete a handout outlining the origins and impact of the Civil Rights Movement

Origins of the Civil Rights Movement What was it? The struggle of African Americans for equal rights Major turning point in American history Leads to similar movements (Mexican- Americans, women, LGBT)

Origins of the Civil Rights Movement Jackie Robinson First African-American to join the major leagues in 1947 President Truman Executive order desegregated armed forces in 1948

Segregation in the South “Jim Crow” Laws Southern states passed segregation laws after the Civil War Supreme Court stated in Plessy v. Ferguson that “separate but equal” was constitutional in 1896

Segregation in the South NAACP Established in 1909 Used the courts to challenge racists laws Challenged “separate but equal” through litigation (law suits)

Segregation in the South Sweatt v. Painter (1950) Herman Sweatt sued to attend UT Law School Texas constitution prohibited school segregation UT created separate law school for blacks U.S. Supreme Court ruled school for black students would be inferior and violated 14th Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause

Brown v. Board of Education (1954) 1953 Kansas Court Ruling Linda Brown and others denied admission to nearby all-white public school

Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Thurgood Marshall Attorney for the NAACP Later became first African American on the Supreme Court Argued segregated schools violated Brown’s “equal protection” under 14th Amendment

Brown v. Board of Education (1954) The Brown Decision Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson Marked the end of legal segregation in public schools Schools should be desegregated “with all deliberate speed” Many states delayed Court’s order

The Little Rock Nine (1957) Orval Faubus Governor of Arkansas Favored segregation Ordered Arkansas National Guard to surround Little Rock High school to prevent nine African- American students from entering

The Little Rock Nine (1957) President Eisenhower U.S. Supreme Court Black students threatened by angry mobs Ordered federal troops to Little Rock to ensure students could attend school U.S. Supreme Court Faubus shut down schools Court ordered them reopened

Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956) Rosa Parks African American seamstress and member of NAACP Arrested for refusing to surrender her seat on a bus to a white passenger in Montgomery, Alabama

Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956) Buses Boycotted 13-month boycott of the city’s public buses MLK arrested/home bombed Federal Court Ruling Segregation of buses violated “equal protection” clause of 14th Amendment

Civil Rights Act of 1957 President Eisenhower Gave federal courts power to register African American voters Complicated procedures made act ineffective Set the pattern for future civil rights legislations

Maintaining the Status Quo Lester Maddox African-Americans tried to enter his restaurant Wielded an axe handle at them Closed his restaurant when ordered to desegregate Ran for Governor of Georgia and won

Maintaining the Status QUO George Wallace Governor of Alabama Stood at the door to University of Alabama to stop two African-Americans from enrolling Ran for president four times

Maintaining the Status Quo Congressional Bloc of Southern Democrats Southern Democrats in Congress Obstructed attempts to pass federal civil rights legislation

Civil Rights Movement in the Sixties Sit-Ins (1960) African-American students sat at “Whites Only” lunch counters Downtown stores desegregated lunch counters African-American workers were hired

Civil Rights Movement in the Sixties Freedom Riders (1961) Interracial groups that rode buses in the South Faced violence and even death Helped overturn racial segregation on public transportation

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Called for Civil Disobedience Opposing unjust laws with non- violent tactics Peaceful marches, boycotts, picketing, demonstrations Went to jail 29 times

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” Explained reasons why African- Americans could no longer wait patiently for constitutional rights “everyone has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws”

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Billy Graham Christian preacher who spoke out against segregation Paid to bail out Dr. King from jail Advised Eisenhower to send troops to Little Rock

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. March on Washington (1963) Largest demonstration for human rights in U.S. history Pressured Washington to pass Civil Rights Bill Ended with meeting between JFK and Civil Rights leaders

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. “I Have a Dream Speech” MLK called for civil and economic rights and an end to racism

The Fight Continues JFK Assassination Encouraged Congress to pass legislation he had proposed LBJ Helped push civil rights bill through Congress

The Fight Continues Civil Rights Act of 1964 Prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, or ethnic origin Gave federal government the power to register voters Established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

The Fight Continues 24th Amendment (1964) Selma Marches (1965) Eliminated poll taxes in federal elections Selma Marches (1965) MLK marched in Selma, Alabama demanding voting rights Demonstrators attacked LBJ introduced voting rights bill

The Fight Continues Voting Rights Act of 1965 MLK Assassination Ended poll taxes and literacy tests Resulted in increase of African- American voters MLK Assassination April 4, 1968 Shot in Memphis, Tennessee Riots break out throughout the country