Agenda To Get: To Do: Handouts from the back Opener: Mapping Lecture: Causes of WWI Activity: Analyzing Political Cartoons Exit Slip: Review Questions We will look at Imperialism test scores on Friday – if you are curious about what you got – it is already in I.C.

Marching Toward War Chapter 13 Section 1

Opener Image – answer the given questions using the map above.

Opener Questions: 1. List the countries of the Triple Alliance. 2. List the countries of the Triple Entente. 3. Name three counties that remained neutral. 4. What geographic features may have allowed these regions to maintain neutrality?

Main Idea In Europe, military buildup, nationalistic feelings, and rival alliances set the stage for a continental war. Ethnic conflict in the Balkan region, which helped start the war, continued to erupt in that area in the 1990s.

Introduction For about 30 years Europe had been at peace. Efforts were made to outlaw war and achieve permanent peace. By 1900, there were hundreds of peace organizations. Some Europeans believed that war was a thing of the past. Yet Europe was on the edge of a massive war.

Video Intro: Summarize the MAIN causes of World War I M- A- I- N- What ultimately set the war into motion? (the final straw?)

Militarism A dangerous arms race had developed. Nations believed that to be great you must have a powerful military. By 1914, all of the Great Powers, except Great Britain, had large standing armies. Militarism – the policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war. A race to build a bigger and stronger military than your neighbor .

Tangled Alliances Growing rivalries and mutual distrust led to the creation of several military alliances. Alliance system had been designed to keep peace in Europe. Instead, it helped push the continent to war.

The Rise of Nationalism Nationalism can be a unifying force for independence and national identity (positive) Can also cause intense competition for space and resources (negative) By the turn of the 20th century, a fierce rivalry had developed among Europe’s Great Powers. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, Italy and France.

Imperialism European nations had been competing for colonies in Africa and Asia. This competition led to increased rivalries and mistrust.

Assassination 1914 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and his wife, heirs to the Austria-Hungary throne, were assassinated on a visit to Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. Shot by Gavrilo Princip, a 19 year old Serbian and member of the Black Hand. Black Hand. – a secret society committed to ridding Bosnia of Austrian rule.

Image Interpretation #1 Fanning the flames of war with an arms race and nationalism

Image Interpretation #2 Arms race fueled by imperialism

Image Interpretation #3 Alliances connected countries with military pacts. The Balkans were at the center of starting WWI

Image Interpretation #4 Alliances led to ALL of Europe going to war.

Image Interpretation #5 Nationalist movement motivated by violence. Terrorism

Group Activity Get into groups of four – front row and third row face backwards. Get materials from your teacher. Each person take an image and try to figure out what is being represented. Gather as a group and complete the handout. Make sure all members names are on the handout. Turn in to your teacher along with images. Determine which is which: Militarism, Alliance, Imperialism, or Nationalism

Image A

Image B

Image C

Image D

Otto Von Bismarck: Forges Early Pacts Bismarck (Prime Minister) had used war to unify Germany. He then turned his energy to maintaining peace in Europe. Bismarck felt that France still wanted revenge for the Franco- Prussian War. Threat to peace Bismarck wanted to isolate France. Formed alliance with Austria-Hungary. Later Italy joined. Russia soon signed a treaty with Germany.

Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace Kaiser Wilhelm II forced Bismarck to resign as Prime Minister. Wilhelm let treaty with Russia lapse. Russia responded by forming an alliance with France. Bismarck’s biggest fear. If Germany went to war with either, they would have to fight on two fronts.

Triple Entente Wilhelm II began a shipbuilding program to compete with the British navy. British became scared and formed an alliance with France. Britain made another alliance with both France and Russia – Triple Entente. Assured that Britain would not fight against France or Russia.

Balkan Peninsula was home to an assortment of ethnic groups. Crisis in the Balkans Balkan Peninsula was home to an assortment of ethnic groups. The area had a long history of nationalist uprisings. Known as the “powder keg” of Europe. What “lit the fuse?” Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

A Restless Region By the early 1900s, the Ottoman Empire, which included the Balkan region, was in decline. Serbia – Slavic population; wanted to absorb the rest of the Slavs. Russia also had a large Slavic population and supported Serbia. Austria-Hungary opposed the idea.

Austria-Hungary 1908 – took over Bosnia and Herzegovina. Both had large Slavic populations. Serbians were mad. Tensions rose. Serbia vowed to take Bosnia and Herzegovina. Archduke Ferdinand and wife were murdered

Ultimatum Austria used the murders as an excuse to punish Serbia. Austria presented Serbia with an ultimatum containing many demands. Serbia knew that a refusal would lead to war. Agreed to many demands. Austria would not negotiate and declared war. Russia ordered the mobilization of troops toward the Austrian border.

Balkan Peninsula Today

Note Review Questions complete on a half sheet of paper How long had Europe been at peace? What does MANIA stand for? How did Nationalism lead to WWI? What is militarism? Why was the Balkan Peninsula known as the “powder keg”?

Cartoon Activity