<TOPIC 2> Indefinite Adjectives and Pronouns 10002004 김미림 10002038 손무영 12002003 곽경동

Indefinite adjectives such as some, many, and little are used with nouns instead of giving specific amounts. Indefinite pronouns such as some, someone, any, anyone replace nouns. Certain expressions work with both count and noncount nouns: any, some, a lot(of), lots(of), plenty(of), no and none.

indefinite adjectives indefinite pronouns COUNT NOUNS Do you have any dollar bills? I have no dollar bills. I don’t have any(dollar bills) I have none. NONCOUNT NOUNS Do you have any money? Do you have any? (money) Note: In formal English, none is always followed by a singular verb: None of the people has arrived.(formal) None of the people have arrived.(informal)

(a) Few and (not) many with Count Nouns Example Meanings Notes How many(dollars) do you have? I have a few (dollars) I don’t have many dollar bills. I have few dollars bills I have some dollars, but not a lot. I have only a small number of dollars, probably not enough. I probably don’t have enough. Few, a few, many and not many are used with count nouns. Many can be used in affirmative statements, but it is more common in questions with how and in negative statements.

<Practice> Do you have any homework tonight? Yes I Have some homework. (Both count and uncount) How much homework do you have?(uncount) I have few math assignments (count)

(a) Little and (not) much with Noncount Nouns

A little, little, much, and not much are used with noncount nouns. Much can be used in affirmative statements, but it is more common in questions with how and in negative statements.

How much (money) do you have? I have a little (money). Examples Meanings How much (money) do you have? I have a little (money). I have some money, but not a lot. I don’t have much money. I have only a small amount of money, probably not enough. I have little money. I probably don’t have enough.

<Practice> ____ There are a few good restaurants in town. ____ There are few good restaurants in town. some much

Modifiers with a lot of, a little, a few, little, and few

Quite with a lot (of) and a few Count nouns Noncount nouns Meaning She has quite a few assignments. She has quite a lot of homework. A large number or amount

Just and only with a few and a little Count nouns Noncount nouns Meaning She has just a few assignment. She has just a little homework. A moderate number or amount She has only a few assignments. She has only a little homework. A small number or amount

Very and too with few and little Count nouns Noncount nouns Meaning She has very few assignments. She has very little homework. A very small number or amount She has too few assignments. She has too little homework. Not enough

<Practice> Changes are occurring in the economies of (many / much) countries around the world. (Few / Little) countries have escaped the major political changes that began in the 1980s.

More indefinite Pronouns Pronouns examples notes FORMAL Everyone someone Everyone has his or her own Indefinite pronouns are Everybody somebody problems from time to time. Singular. They are Everything something everyone has his own always used with problems at times. singular pronouns are used to refer to them. Anyone no one INFORMAL In informal English, Anybody nobody everyone has their own plural pronouns are Anything nothing problems at times. often used.

One, another, the other, others, the others adjective pronoun meaning Singular one problem one an additional problem another problem another the second of two or the the other problem the other last of a group Plural some problems some additional problems other problems other the last of a group the other problems the others