Key Terminology source language (SL) target language (TL) source text (ST) target text (TT)

„Translation is the expression in another language (or target language of what has been expressed in another, source language, preserving semantic and stylistic differences.” –quoted in Fundamentals of Translation, Sonia Colina (perspectives on translation can also be influenced by culture and time)

„…the differences in degree of resemblance to the source are related to genre and, ultimately, to the purpose or the situational context for the translation.” –Sonia Colina

„Throughout the history of translation, equivalence has been intricately related to the concept and definition of translation.” What counts as equivalent? „…perfect equivalence is little more than a mirage,hardly attainable.”

„…no two readers experience the same text in the same way „…no two readers experience the same text in the same way. The way readers relate to and read a text is intricately related to their experiences of the world.”

Communicative translation—focuses on the function of the translation semantic translation—focuses on the form of the ST gist translation—tries to convey the main idea of the source text in the TL, without concern for form* *Sonia colina

Machine translation (MT) the process of editing and preparing machine-translated output for use by humans is called post-editing Computer-aided/assisted translation (CAT tools)

Three main competences 1. linguistic competence 2 Three main competences 1. linguistic competence 2. knowledge competence (specialized and general/cultural knowledge) 3. transfer or strategic competence (the ability to understand and implement the translation requirements)