Oncolytic Virotherapy: A Contest between Apples and Oranges Stephen J. Russell, Kah-Whye Peng  Molecular Therapy  Volume 25, Issue 5, Pages 1107-1116 (May 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.03.026 Copyright © 2017 The American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Oncolytic Virotherapy Is Not Just Immunotherapy The viro-immunotherapy paradigm involves tumor-selective infection and replication of the virus, followed by cell killing, inducing local inflammation and trafficking of immune cells to the infected tumor nodule, priming and amplifying systemic antitumor immunity, resulting in the induction of tumor-antigen-specific T cells that would participate in the elimination of uninfected or distant metastases. Molecular Therapy 2017 25, 1107-1116DOI: (10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.03.026) Copyright © 2017 The American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Complete Remission of Disseminated Multiple Myeloma after One Intravenous Dose of Measles Virus MV-NIS (A) CT rendering of plasmacytoma on the forehead of the patient showing the tumor protruding from the forehead and osteolytic lesion in the skull. (B) 18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography image of the glucose avid left frontal plasmacytoma in patient before virus treatment and the lower panel showing resolution of the tumor 7 weeks after MV-NIS treatment. (C) High-sensitivity eight-color plasma cell (PC) flow cytometry on bone marrow plasma cells before and after MV-NIS treatment, showing CD38- and CD138-positive, CD19-negative monoclonal plasma cells (λ-restricted) with hyperdiploid DNA content. In the bone marrow samples obtained 6 weeks after therapy (right panels), the abnormal PCs are not present (adapted from Russell et al.67 Mayo Clinic Proceedings). Molecular Therapy 2017 25, 1107-1116DOI: (10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.03.026) Copyright © 2017 The American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy Terms and Conditions