History of Black Hole Research 20160070 Kim Nanhyeon

Contents 1. Origin of Concept about a Black Hole 2. General Relativity 3. Arthur Eddington’s Idea 4. The Death of Stars 5. Golden Age 6. Black Hole Thermodynamics 7. Information Paradox

Origin of Concept about a Black Hole John’s Mitchell’s letter to Henry Cavendish The dark ball where the light can’t escape The light can be affected by the gravity?

General Relativity The light is affected by gravity! Schwarzschild metric r=0 , r=2GM : sigularity

General Relativity Question : Is Schwarzschild radius a physical singularity? Coordinate transform r=2GM : coordinate singularity Physical interpretation : r=2GM is an event horizon.

Arthur Eddington’s Idea, 1926 In general relativity, very large stars like Betelgeuse can’t have very large density. The light doesn’t escape from the star Too big red shift will make spectrum lines vanish. Too big distortion of spacetime will hide the star

Chandrasekar limit (White dwarf) The Death of Stars Chandrasekar limit (White dwarf) ħ is the reduced Planck constant c is the speed of light G is the gravitational constant μe is the average molecular weight per electron, which depends upon the chemical composition of the star. mH is the mass of the hydrogen atom. ω03 ≈ 2.018236 is a constant connected with the solution to the Lane–Emden equation. As √ħc/G is the Planck mass

The Death of Stars Neutron star Electron degeneracy pressure loses Neutron degeneracy pressure vs. Gravity The death of Heavier stars?

The Death of Stars Black hole

Golden Age Rotating black hole : Kerr metric Charged black hole : Reissner–Nordström metric Rotating and charged black hole : Kerr-Newman metric

Black Hole Thermodynamics General Relativity Black Hole Thermodynamics Black hole Black body at finite temperature Mass Energy Surface area Entropy Surface gravity Temperature

Black Hole Thermodynamics Black hole temperature Black hole entropy

Black Hole Thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics The third law of thermodynamics?

Black Hole Thermodynamics Hawking radiation = Black body radiation of Black hole

Information Paradox Where are other kinds of information except mass, angular momentum and charge? Other kinds of information disappear! Sum of probability conservation vs. Disappearance of information

Reference - Contents https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_metric https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerr_metric https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reissner%E2%80%93Nordstr%C3%B6m_metric https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerr%E2%80%93Newman_metric https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrasekhar_limit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_star https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole_thermodynamics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole_information_paradox

Reference - figure https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_metric https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerr_metric https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reissner%E2%80%93Nordstr%C3%B6m_metric https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerr%E2%80%93Newman_metric https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrasekhar_limit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole_thermodynamics https://socratic.org/questions/what-is-the-life-cycle-of-a-star-from-birth-to-death

Thank you for listening!