TRANSLATION Presented by: Mr.Rajeshkukar Principal Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1 Devlali.

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TRANSLATION Presented by: Mr.Rajeshkukar Principal Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1 Devlali

Protein synthesis In this process amino acids become joined together by peptide bond to form polypeptides.

ACTIVATION OF AMINO ACIDS Amino acid (AA)+ ATP amino-acyl-tRNA synthetase AA-AMP-ENZ +PPi AA-AMP-ENZ+ tRNA AA-tRNA + AMP + ENZ

Initiation of polypeptide chain The ribosome has two subunits- a large subunit and a small subunit. The mRNA binds to the small subunit and the translation begins. There are two sites on large subunit-the P-site and A-site. The small subunit attaches to the large subunit in such a way that the initiation codon (AUG) comes on the P-site. The initiator t RNA (methionyl t RNA) binds to the P-site.

Elongation of polypeptide chain A second tRNA charged with another amino acid binds to the A-site. A peptide (CO-NH) bond is formed between the carboxyl group of first amino acid and amino group of second amino acid. The ribosome moves from codon to codon along the mRNA in the 5’  3’ direction.

Termination of polypeptide chain When one of the termination codons comes at the A-site, it does not code for any amino acid and there is no tRNA molecule for it. As a result the polypeptide synthesis stops. The nascent polypeptide chain is released from the ribosome.