History of SE Asia

History of India

Throughout history, Britain has traded all over the world. The UK established colonies all over the globe.

Our state of Georgia, in fact, is named after Britain’s King George II.

India was a big UK trading partner.

People used to say “The sun never sets on the British Empire.”

By 1760, India was controlled by Britain By 1760, India was controlled by Britain. It became a colony of the British Empire.

Britain practiced segregation in India. (Separating the races.)

Colonialism is …the control of a territory by another country… (the country under control is called a colony)

Imperialism : Colonialism leads to… The “power” country extending its political power all over the world

Nationalism: >Pride in one’s own country Imperialism leads to…. Nationalism: >Pride in one’s own country >

Finally, nationalism leads to… Independence!

India didn’t like being a colony of Great Britain.

After World War II, Britain was broke, and could no longer afford to run India.

India wanted to become independent. A nationalist movement is when people want to rule themselves (Nationalism)

Mohandas Gandhi led the Indian nationalist movement for India to become independent.

Mohandas Gandhi led the Indian nationalist movement without violence Mohandas Gandhi led the Indian nationalist movement without violence. He used nonviolent protests.

Gandhi led non-violent protests against British control using boycotts and hunger strikes.

Boycott: refusing to buy products from a company or country

India became independent in 1947.

Indians now call Gandhi “Mahatma.” Mahatma means “great soul.”

History of Vietnam

World War II ended in 1945 when America dropped two atomic bombs on Japan.

Since the 1800’s, France had a colony called French Indochina, which included Vietnam.

Ho Chi Minh was a Vietnamese nationalist who didn’t want Vietnam controlled by France. (He was a communist.)

Ho Chi Minh created a guerilla (not “gorilla”) army called Viet Minh to fight against the French.

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Vietnam gained independence from France in 1945.

France gave up control of Vietnam France gave up control of Vietnam. Vietnam then split into [1] North Vietnam (communist) [2] South Vietnam (free)

The Vietnam War began when North Vietnam tried to invade South Vietnam.

America went to the aid of South Vietnam in 1964 to keep it from becoming part of communist North Vietnam.

The Vietnam War

The Vietnam War was extremely unpopular with Americans.

America pulled out of the Vietnam War in 1975, & North Vietnam defeated South Vietnam. It is now called just “Vietnam.”

Vietnam War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgW0o-Ui94 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfPx1jfoWjsk

History of Japan

America went to war with Japan in 1941 when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.

Pearl Harbor https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnQ_6h3VtRo&t=400s

World War II ended in 1945 when America dropped two atomic bombs on Japan.

America & its allies then ruled over Japan from 1945 to 1952.

The Allied Forces =“the good guys” America gave tons of $ to re-build so Japan wouldn’t turn into a communist country.

General Douglas MacArthur ruled over Japan during this time General Douglas MacArthur ruled over Japan during this time. Helped Japan write its new constitution.

Japan rebuilt itself, and today is one of the world’s strongest economies.

History of Communist China

Early in the 20th Century, Chinese peasants & workers lived in extreme poverty.

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) promised the peasants a better life.

The leader of the Communist Party was Mao Zedong.

In 1949 Mao declared that China was a communist country called the People’s Republic of China.

Mao Zedong had complete control over China. He was an autocrat.

In 1958 Mao Zedong started a program called the Great Leap Forward to improve people’s lives.

The Great Leap Forward made people live and work on community farms called collective farms.

The Great Leap Forward was an epic fail. 20 million people starved to death.

Great Leap Forward Summary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hlbB3cmgPmo

In 1966 Mao Zedong started the Cultural Revolution. The Cultural Revolution punished all people who didn’t support communism.

Mao Zedong’s followers in the Cultural Revolution were called The Red Guard. They spied and snitched on people.

The Red Guard were young people (students) who were easily brain-washed.

The Cultural Revolution caused people to hate the communist gov’t even more.

Mao Zedong died in 1976. Deng Xiaoping became leader.

Chinese people still had no freedom.

In 1989 people peacefully protested at Tiananmen Square.

Deng Xiaoping sent in tanks which killed hundreds of people. Tiananmen Square Massacre

Many protestors were arrested and put in jail.

The Tiananmen Square Massacre convinced the Chinese gov’t to finally give its citizens more rights.