Kennedy & the Cold War Chapter 15 Section 1
Lecture Focus Question How did Kennedy respond to the continuing challenges of the Cold War?
Election of 1960 John F. Kennedy Richard Nixon Democratic nominee Supported fight against communism Energetic & passionate Attended Harvard Came from a wealthy family in Boston, MA Richard Nixon Republican nominee Supported fight against communism Energetic & passionate VP for Eisenhower Came from a working family in Yorba Linda, CA
Televised Debate Nixon Underweight Clothes too big Pale & tired “Easy Shave” melting in heat of lights Spoke to JFK JFK Rested & tanned Newly tailored suit Spoke to cameras, audience of voters!
Kennedy Wins Key factor → televised debates
JFK’s New Cold War Strategies JFK = 1st pres born in 20th century “Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country” Flexible response: defense policy that prepared the U.S. to fight in any size/type of conflict
JFK’s New Cold War Strategies Cont. Peace Corps: sent U.S. volunteers around the world to provide technical, education, health services to developing countries Alliance for Progress: promoted economic assistance to Latin America
Communism in Cuba 1959: Fidel Castro comes to power in Cuba Strong ties to U.S.S.R. 1961: Bay of Pigs Invasion U.S. plan to overthrow Castro Total disaster U.S. accepts defeat and loses respect from other countries
The Berlin Crisis 1961: JFK and Krushchev meet → peace treaty? Berlin becomes center of discussion Meeting = disaster JFK takes action Doubled number of men drafted into army Increased spending for defense American people prepared: fallout shelters 1961: Soviets build the Berlin Wall to divide E & W Berlin
BERLIN WALL
Cuban Missile Crisis U.S. intelligence discovery: 4 possible responses Soviets building missile bases in Cuba! Cuba = 90 miles from Key West, FL 4 possible responses Negotiate with the Soviets Invade Cuba Blockade Cuba Bomb the missile sites
The Loneliest Job in the World
The Ultimate Decision JFK decides on a naval “quarantine” “Blockade” would be an act of war He told Americans: “The path we have chosen for the present is full of hazards… The cost of freedom is always high -- and Americans have always paid it. And one path we shall never choose, and that is the path of surrender.”
Disaster Averted